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Geography GCSE 2017 > Population Change > Flashcards

Population Change Flashcards

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1
Q

What factors affect population density (the number of people living in a certain area)?

A
  • country size - number of jobs - resources - nateral occurrences - physical factors
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2
Q

What is the death rate?

A

The number of deaths a year per 1000 people

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3
Q

What is birth rate?

A

The number of births a year per 1000 people

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4
Q

What is nateral decrease?

A

A fall in the population caused by lower birth rate than death rate

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5
Q

What is nateral increase?

A

A rise in the population caused by lower death rate than birth rate

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6
Q

What is natural change?

A

a change in population not caused by migration

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7
Q

What are the causes of population change?

A
  • Urbanisation - Education - Empowerment of women - change in agriculture
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8
Q

What are the 5 stages of the demographic transition model?

A

High fluctuating (tribes), Early expanding (afghanistan), Late expanding (Brazil), low fluctuating (USA/UK), natural decrease (germany)

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9
Q

What is the dependency ratio?

A

number of dependent people / number of independent people

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10
Q

What are the impacts of an ageing population?

A

positives:
- contribute to economy
- voluntary work / looking after children
negatives:
- need expensive services
- expensive healthcare

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11
Q

What is a push factor (+ example)

A

the reasons people leave an area.

- war - high crime rate - poverty

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12
Q

What is a pull factor (+ example)

A

the reasons people move to a particular place

- high standard of living - better services - job availibility

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13
Q

What are the benefits and drawbacks for the source country in migration?

A 
\+ less stress on services 
\+ remittances (money sent back)
\+ lower unemployment 
- loss of skilled workers/ smaller workforce
- less tax
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14
Q

What are the benefits and drawbacks for the recipient country in migration?

A

+ increased workforce + skilled workers
+ cultural diversity
- social tension
- new methods/services needed

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15
Q

What is global population?

A

the number of people on the planet

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16
Q

What is an example of stage 1 (high fluctuating)

A

tribes

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17
Q

What is an example of stage 2 (early expanding)

A

afghanistan

18
Q

What is an example of stage 3 (late expanding)

A

brazil

19
Q

What is an example of stage 4 (low fluctuating)

A

USA/UK

20
Q

What is an example of stage 5 (natural decrease)

A

Germany

21
Q

How does urbanisation cause population change?

A
  • impacts birth and death rates

- increased access to medical care decrease in infant mortality and deaths

22
Q

How does education cause population change?

A
  • family planning education reduces family sizes

- enables career choices for more skilled jobs improving quality of life

23
Q

How does agricultural changes cause population change?

A
  • not as much child labour because new machinery resulting in smaller families
  • increased supply of food reduces famine deaths
24
Q

How does empowerment of women cause population change?

A
  • more adoption and abortions

- university and work reduce the number of children

25
Q 
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A

stage 1

26
Q 
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A

Stage 2

27
Q 
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A

Stage 4

28
Q 
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A

Stage 4

29
Q 
o
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                  oooooooooooo 
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A

Stage 5

30
Q

How can populatipon decline impact on economic development?

A

reduces the workforce and reduces the amount of tax payers meaning the economy has less money

31
Q

solutions to ageing populations: raising retirement age (sustainable)

A
  • means they pay tax longer + the government do not have to pay their pension
  • people may not want to work longer
32
Q

solutions to ageing populations: raising taxes (sustainable)

A
  • gives more money to pay for elderly peoples pensions

- would not have good political effects

33
Q

solutions to ageing populations: encouraging immigration of young workers (not sustainable)

A
  • pay taxes + increase the work force
34
Q

solutions to ageing populations: encouraging large families with cash incentives (not sustainable)

A
  • the population would have more young workers

- the population may become too bif

35
Q

What are the positive impacts of migration for the source country?

A
  • more jobs for remaining people
  • less services/care costs
  • more oppurtunities
36
Q

What are the positive impacts of migration for the receiving country?

A
  • larger workforce
  • greater culture diversity
  • cheaper workforce
  • more people of working age + more skills
  • all jobs are filled
37
Q

What are the negative impacts of migration for the source country?

A
  • fewer tax payers
  • high dependency
  • lack of skills
38
Q

What are the negative impacts of migration for the receiving country?

A
  • higher care costs
  • social tension
  • stress on services
  • not enough housing
  • food/supply issues
  • language barriers
39
Q

What problems does migration to the EU cause?

A
  • social tension
  • decreased tourism
  • providing food and shelter costs a lot of money
40
Q

exponential population growth

A

as the population has got larger the growth is faster.

Geography GCSE 2017 (12 decks)

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