physical case studies Flashcards
When did monserrat explode?
1997
How many people died in monserrat?
19
How much aid was given in monserrat?
£57 million
What is a lahar?
destructive mudflow
When did the Cristchurch earth quake occur?
22nd feb 2011
How many people died in Cristchurch?
181
What was the magnitude of the earthquake in christchurch?
63
What was the depth of focus of the earthquake in christchurch?
5km
How many people were injured in Cristchurch?
2 000
How many residents were given chemical toilets were given in Christchurch? and how many autrailian police
30 000
300
When was the Nepal earthquake?
25th April 2015
How many people died in Nepal?
8 000
How many people were homeless in Nepal?
2.8 million
How many people were injured in Nepal?
14 000
How much aid did the UK give Nepal?
£41 million
How big were the waves on the boxing day tsunami?
25m waves travelled 800m inland
How many people died in the boxing day tsunami?
275 000
How many people were homeless in the boxing day tsunami?
2 million
How many people were injured in the boxing day tsunami?
650 000 people
How much aid was given for the boxing day tsunami?
£14 billion from public appeals
How much of Montserrat did the volcano cover?
2/3
What minerals are mined from the Andes?
Tin, Nickel, Silver and Gold
What were the human causes of the floods of Tewkesbury in 2007?
Impermeable surfaces + no flood defences
What were the physical causes of the floods of Tewkesbury in 2007?
- surrounded by floodplains
- at the confluence of two large rivers with many tribuatries (= large catchment area)
- 140mm of rain in few hours.
How many houses and businesses were affected in the 2007 floods?
800 houses, 500 businesses
How many people were left without water in 2007?
140 000
What are some other effects of the 2007 floods?
made the houses smell + transport routes were cut off
How much money did the embankment in upton on severn cost?
£4 000 000
What were long term responses to the 2007 floods?
impermeable wall built around the water treatment works + flood warning system.
How many sandbags were given in 2007?
1 500
How many portaloos were given in 2007?
133
What were short term responses to the 2007 floods?
the fire service rescued people + supermarkets gave food and Severn Trent gave bottled water.
What were the human causes of the Pakistan floods?
deforestation, urbanisation and dumping waste
What were the Physical causes of the Pakistan floods?
monsoon rainfall, snow melt, gradient of the land, permeable rock.
How many peoples homes were destroyed after the 2010 Pakistan floods?
12 000 000
How many people died after the 2010 Pakistan floods?
1 500
How many acres of crops were washed away in pakistan?
6 500 000 acres of (6.5 mil acres)
How many miles of road and railway were washed away in Pakistan?
5 000 miles
What were some short term responses to the 2010 Pakistan floods?
21 helicopters and 150 boats were given. interantional aid: tents, blankets, water and food.
What were some long term responses to the 2010 Pakistan floods?
800 000 farms were given crop packages. The UK gave £10 million to help rebuild bridges. enlarged taxes for wealthy residents.
When did the landslide occur in Lyme Regis, Dorset?
may 2008
How is the Lyme Regis coast protected?
Sea wall in and stabilising land (£17 million)
What is the benefit of the coast protections in Lyme Regis?
More secure future for the town
What are the drawbacks of the coast protections in Lyme Regis?
Very expensive
Ugly
maintenace
How high above sea level is the Maldives?
2.4 m (the sea is rising by 9mm per year)
What are the economic effects of sea level rise in the Maldives?
Tourism resort are flooded
What are the environmental effects of sea level rise in the Maldives?
more tropical storms Increased erosion (2/3 of coral species lost)
What are the social effects of sea level rise in the Maldives?
360 000 Maldivians may have to be relocated
More money is spent of defences and less on public services.
What are some responses to sea level rise in the maldives?
Building islands
Bought land in other countries
Male is surrounded by a 3m high wall
What are positive social effects of kielder water in Northumbaland?
Can act as a flood prevention measure
Lake helps when there are water shortages
What are positive economic effects of kielder water in Northumbaland?
Hydroelectric power station can generate 6 MW
Tourism raises £6 million a year
What are positive environmental effects of kielder water in Northumbaland?
made 8 sites of special scientific interest
What are negative social effects of kielder water in Northumbaland?
58 families were displaced
What are negative environmental effects of kielder water in Northumbaland?
lots of farmland was lost
the forest they planted was only made from one type of tree
reduced fish spawning ground downstream
What are positive effects of the three gorges damn, Yangtze?
prevents 100 million people from being flooded
makes 10% of China’s electricity
provided jobs
What are negative effects of the three gorges damn, Yangtze?
13 cities were submerged
1.4 million people were forced to leave their homes
causes landslides
$15.5 billion
rubbish is deposited + silt held back + animals going extinct
What would happen to america if Yellowstone erupted?
2/3 of it would become uninhabitable
How long is the Holderness coastline?
61km, eroding 2-3m per year
What are the effects of coastal erosion at Holderness?
residents- 30 villages lost in the past 2000 yrs. houses are hard to sell and get insurance for
farmers- farms lose land and reduce productivity
businesses- less tourists and less people to buy from businesses
local council- have to pay large amounts of money for defenses
what are some responses to the coastal erosion along the Holderness coastline?
caravan parks moved back from the coastline
2 rock groynes and a rock revetment built in 1991 in mappleton
£6.3 million on a sea wall in withernsea
what are some responses to the coastal erosion along the Holderness coastline?
caravan parks moved back from the coastline
2 rock groynes and a rock revetment built in 1991 in mappleton
£6.3 million on a sea wall in withernsea
what was the magnitude of the Nepal earthquake?
7.9
what was the depth of the Nepal earthquake?
15km
When was the the Holbeck Hall cliff collapse?
1993 (rotational slumping)
Where is Holbeck Hall?
Scarborough, yorkshire
Why was the Holbeck hall cliff collapse?
because of 140mm of rainfall
bad slope drainsage
How much compensation was given for Hlbeck Hall?
£2million
How many people were effected after the 2010 Pakistan floods?
18 000 000
How many people died in the 2007 Teweksbury floods?
13
how much damage was there to roads and buildings in Nepal?
$10 billion
What were the secondary responses to the Christchurch earthquake?
80% of roads were repaired
£450 million in building claims
and water and sewage was repaired by august
How much international aid was given in the pakistan floods?
400 metric tonnes (blankets, tents, water and food)
Why were 40 000 more women killed than men in 2004?
because women couldn’t swim
How many people in Aceh lost their livelihoods?
600 000
long term responses to the montserrat explosion
An exclusion zone was set up in the volcanic region.
A volcanic observatory was built to monitor the volcano.
New roads and a new airport were built.
Services in the north of the island were expanded.
The presence of the volcano resulted in a growth in tourism.
short term responses to the montserrat explosion
Evacuation.
Abandonment of the capital city.
The British government gave £57 million for compensation and redevelopment.
Unemployment rose due to the collapse of the tourist industry.
