Changing Urban Environments Flashcards
What is Urbanisation?
the increase in the proportion of people living in towns and cities
What are the causes of Urbanisation?
rural-urban migration
natural increase
What are the characteristics of squatter settlements?
- extremley high density
- diseases such as typhoid and malaria
- no running water, sewage, or electricity in homes
- houses built from dried mud and corrugated iron
What is site and service scheme? (Strategies to improve squatter settlements)
people buy land and have a loan to build a house. the site has access to essential services and transport links
What is a mega city?
Urban areas with a population of over 10 million living in it
What is sustainability?
looking after the present needs without reducing the opportunities for the future
What is a sustainable city?
A city that uses less resources and produces less waste than an unsustainable city
How do you make cities sustainable?
- provide open space
- conserve historical/natural environment
- reducing and disposing of waste safely
- public transport systems
- building carbon efficient homes
- involving people in housing design
What are the characteristics of the CBD?
(fargate) - commericial centre
- shops & offices
- transport routes meet
What are the characteristics of the inner city?
(parkhill) - terraced houses + flats
- graffiti, litter and derelict buildings
What are the characteristics of the suburbs?
(ridgeway) - cul de sacs & housing
- estates with gardens
- business parks
- low crime levels
What are the characteristics of the rural urban fridge?
(dore) - factories and farmland
- low levels of pollution
What is rural investment? (Strategies to improve squatter settlements)
improving the quality of life in rural areas to prevent people moving to squatter settlements
What is self help scheme? (Strategies to improve squatter settlements)
people are given tools and training to improve their homes
What are the positives of a brownfield site?
+ near facilities
+ reduces crime
+ easy planning
+ reuse of land
What are the positives of a greenfield site?
+ pleasant surrounding
+ cheaper
What are the negatives of a brownfield site?
- costly to clear
What are the negatives of a greenfield site?
- long way from services
- loss of habitat
- hard to get planning permission
What are CBD issues?
vandalism, litter pollution, traffic, closed shops
Solutions to CBD issues?
pedestrianisation, improving public areas (e.g. benches + trees), improving access (new street station), converted use.
What are inner city issues?
unemployment, vandalism, litter, derelict buildings
What is city challenge (manchester)?
- local authority + community enhance the environment, facilities and shopping provision
What are sustainable communities (BedZed)?
- community create an area with access to jobs education and health care
What are multicultural issues?
racism, ethnic segregation and loss of original trade
What is ethnic segregation?
when people of one ethnic group live together in an enclave separate to other ethnic groups
What are solutions to multicultural issues?
posters printed in different languages
suitable services provided
interpreters are provided at hospitals and police stations
What are traffic issues?
wastes time, reducing productivity, hazardous, ugly, slowed emergency services, pollution
What are soltuions to traffic issues?
train systems, pedestrianisation and ring roads
What is a squatter settlement?
areas of built by people of any material they can find. found on the outskirts of LEDC cities
How is employment an issue of rapid urbanisation?
lower pay and low employment
How is transport an issue of rapid urbanisation?
need more mass transport
How is housing an issue of rapid urbanisation?
lower quality, homelessness
How is traffic an issue of rapid urbanisation?
dangerous, pollution, wastes time
How is crime an issue of rapid urbanisation?
less people wanting to live in area
How is education an issue of rapid urbanisation?
less skilled workers + more schools needed
How is health an issue of rapid urbanisation?
overcrowded hospitals, disease spreads
How is environment an issue of rapid urbanisation?
more pollution, no exhaust regulations
Outline how rapid urbanisation leads to the growth of an informal sector to the economy.
- people lack skills and education so can’t find regular employment
- speed of urbanisation to great for LEDC economies to keep up with
- e.g. rubbish collectors / food stalls / road side sellers / shoe shining
