Changing Urban Environments

Question 1

What is Urbanisation?

Answer 1

the increase in the proportion of people living in towns and cities

Question 2

What are the causes of Urbanisation?

Answer 2

rural-urban migration

natural increase

Question 3

What are the characteristics of squatter settlements?

Answer 3

• extremley high density
• diseases such as typhoid and malaria
• no running water, sewage, or electricity in homes
• houses built from dried mud and corrugated iron

Question 4

What is site and service scheme? (Strategies to improve squatter settlements)

Answer 4

people buy land and have a loan to build a house. the site has access to essential services and transport links

Question 5

What is a mega city?

Answer 5

Urban areas with a population of over 10 million living in it

Question 6

What is sustainability?

Answer 6

looking after the present needs without reducing the opportunities for the future

Question 7

What is a sustainable city?

Answer 7

A city that uses less resources and produces less waste than an unsustainable city

Question 8

How do you make cities sustainable?

Answer 8

• provide open space
• conserve historical/natural environment
• reducing and disposing of waste safely
• public transport systems
• building carbon efficient homes
• involving people in housing design

Question 9

What are the characteristics of the CBD?

Answer 9

(fargate) - commericial centre
- shops & offices
- transport routes meet

Question 10

What are the characteristics of the inner city?

Answer 10

(parkhill) - terraced houses + flats

- graffiti, litter and derelict buildings

Question 11

What are the characteristics of the suburbs?

Answer 11

(ridgeway) - cul de sacs & housing
- estates with gardens
- business parks
- low crime levels

Question 12

What are the characteristics of the rural urban fridge?

Answer 12

(dore) - factories and farmland

- low levels of pollution

Question 13

What is rural investment? (Strategies to improve squatter settlements)

Answer 13

improving the quality of life in rural areas to prevent people moving to squatter settlements

Question 14

What is self help scheme? (Strategies to improve squatter settlements)

Answer 14

people are given tools and training to improve their homes

Question 15

What are the positives of a brownfield site?

Answer 15

+ near facilities
+ reduces crime
+ easy planning
+ reuse of land

Question 16

What are the positives of a greenfield site?

Answer 16

+ pleasant surrounding

+ cheaper

Question 17

What are the negatives of a brownfield site?

Answer 17

• costly to clear

Question 18

What are the negatives of a greenfield site?

Answer 18

• long way from services
• loss of habitat
• hard to get planning permission

Question 19

What are CBD issues?

Answer 19

vandalism, litter pollution, traffic, closed shops

Question 20

Solutions to CBD issues?

Answer 20

pedestrianisation, improving public areas (e.g. benches + trees), improving access (new street station), converted use.

Question 21

What are inner city issues?

Answer 21

unemployment, vandalism, litter, derelict buildings

Question 22

What is city challenge (manchester)?

Answer 22

• local authority + community enhance the environment, facilities and shopping provision

Question 23

What are sustainable communities (BedZed)?

Answer 23

• community create an area with access to jobs education and health care

Question 24

What are multicultural issues?

Answer 24

racism, ethnic segregation and loss of original trade

Question 25

What is ethnic segregation?

Answer 25

when people of one ethnic group live together in an enclave separate to other ethnic groups

Question 26

What are solutions to multicultural issues?

Answer 26

posters printed in different languages
suitable services provided
interpreters are provided at hospitals and police stations

Question 27

What are traffic issues?

Answer 27

wastes time, reducing productivity, hazardous, ugly, slowed emergency services, pollution

Question 28

What are soltuions to traffic issues?

Answer 28

train systems, pedestrianisation and ring roads

Question 29

What is a squatter settlement?

Answer 29

areas of built by people of any material they can find. found on the outskirts of LEDC cities

Question 30

How is employment an issue of rapid urbanisation?

Answer 30

lower pay and low employment

Question 31

How is transport an issue of rapid urbanisation?

Answer 31

need more mass transport

Question 32

How is housing an issue of rapid urbanisation?

Answer 32

lower quality, homelessness

Question 33

How is traffic an issue of rapid urbanisation?

Answer 33

dangerous, pollution, wastes time

Question 34

How is crime an issue of rapid urbanisation?

Answer 34

less people wanting to live in area

Question 35

How is education an issue of rapid urbanisation?

Answer 35

less skilled workers + more schools needed

Question 36

How is health an issue of rapid urbanisation?

Answer 36

overcrowded hospitals, disease spreads

Question 37

How is environment an issue of rapid urbanisation?

Answer 37

more pollution, no exhaust regulations

Question 38

Outline how rapid urbanisation leads to the growth of an informal sector to the economy.

Answer 38

• people lack skills and education so can’t find regular employment
• speed of urbanisation to great for LEDC economies to keep up with
• e.g. rubbish collectors / food stalls / road side sellers / shoe shining