Human Case Studies Flashcards
When was China’s one child policy put in place?
1971
What does China’s one child policy do?
Keeps China’s population below 1.2 billion.
Where can a gender imbalance be found?
China
Why is China’s 1 child policy scheme not sustainable?
Bc it causes an aging population - by 2030 1/4 of China’s population will be over 60
What is bad about China’s one child policy?
- abortions and sterilization are forced
- 3 million children between 1990 and 2000 were not registered
Where is Kerala?
Southwestern India
How did Kerala reduce high birthrate?
Improved education
Reduced infant mortality
Benefits for family’s with 2 or less children
They gave 150 000 public health facilities
How did Keralas scheme change India’s birth rate?
It reduced from 38 to 25 per 1000 people in 25years
When was the France pro natal policy?
1939
How much did France give for a couple to have a third child?
£1064
How much did they reduce public transport fares by in France?
30%
Why did France need the pro natal policy?
- there was a decreased supply of labour
- there was population decline
- there was an aging population
What did Frances pro natal policy cause?
A baby boom between 1940 and 1965 and an aging population after 40 years
How many migrants came from Syria?
4.5 million
What is the percentage of people who don’t go to school in the EU compared to that of Africa?
EU- 1.1%
Africa- 34.3%
What is the life expectancy in the EU compared to that of Africa?
EU - 80 yrs
Africa - 47 yrs
What problems do Syrian migrants cause?
Less tourists
Need of food/shelter
Cuss of social tension
What are the benefits of old people in the UK?
They help out voluntarily
The provide child care
The grey pound puts money back into society
What are the drawbacks of and aging populatio in the UK?
65% of money from the department of work and pensions goes to over 65s
They need a lot of health care which is expensive
What 4 ways could help Britain cope with an aging population?
- encouraging large families
- encouraging immigration of young tax paying workers
- raising retirement age
- raising taxes
What are the push pull factors of Poland to UK immigration?
The annual GDP in Poland is a third of what it is in the UK
Life expectancy is 4 years longer in the UK
Poland’s unemployed is 10% higher than the unemployment in the UK
What are the positives of Poland to UK immigration ( for Poland) ?
For Poland:
Money is sent home
Less stress on school and hospitals
Less unemployment
What are the positives of Poland to UK immigration ( for UK) ?
For the UK:
Increase of skilled workforce
More tax payers
Improved culture
What are the negatives of Poland to UK immigration (for Poland)?
For Poland:
Increase of dependency ratio
Loss of skilled workers
What are the negatives of Poland to UK immigration (for UK)?
For the UK:
Social tension
Education housing and healthcare issues
How migrants came from Poland in 2 years?
260 000
How much annually do eastern European workers contribute to the UK economy?
2.5 billion pounds
What are Sustainable communities?
- communities create an are with access to jobs, education and healthcare
- e.g. BedZED, London
What is City Challenge?
- local authority and the community enhance the environment and community facilities
e. g. Hulme city challenge
What are the solutions to the inner city issues?
- Urban development corporations
- City challenge
- Sustainable communities
What are the solutions to the traffic issues?
- train systems
- pedestrianisation
- ring roads
What are the solutions to the multicultural issues?
- posters printed in different languages
- suitable services provided
- interpreters provided at hospitals and police stations
What are the traffic issues?
- wastes time and reduces productivity
- hazardous and ugly
- emergency services would be slowed
- air + noise pollution
What are the multicultural issues?
- racism, ethnic segregation and loss of original trade.
What are the inner city issues?
access to services, access to open land, security
What are the solutions to issues in the CBD (Birmingham, Bullring case study)?
- pedestrainisation
- improving public areas e.g. benches, trees, new library & bins
- improving access e.g. revamping new street station (2015, cost £600million)
- seasonal activities e.g. the German Christmas market
What are the issues in the CBD?
- vandalism, litter, pollution, traffic, closed shops
What is ethnic segregation?
When people of a particular ethnic group choose to live with others from the same ethnic group, separate from other ethnic groups.
e.g. people living in enclaves in spark brook or shrub hill, Birmingham
What are the housing issues?
- need 240 000 homes per but only building 120 000 per year
How many jobs did the redevelopment of eastside make?
12, 000 jobs, 5,000 jobs for construction
How much did Birmingham spend of Eastside?
£6-8 million over a 10 year period
What Is a UDC and give 2 examples
Urban Development Corporation-creates new houses, offices and industries. e.g.) London Docklands and Eastside
What are the planned developments for Dharavi?
- remove the slum and replace it with multiple storey flats.
- build schools, roads and drainage systems.
- residents who can prove they have lived there since 1995 are given accommodation.
What is Dharavi’s recycling zone?
- Ragpickers earn around £1 a day for their work
- 80% of waste is recycled
What are the negatives of Dharavi?
- it the 2nd largest slum in Asia and is very densly populated
- running water is only available for 2hrs a day
What are the positives of Dharavi?
- 85% employment rate
- residents are hardworking and close knit community
What are the solutions with waste disposal in Mumbai?
- companies such as Samsung have set up E-waste disposal sites
- A collection scheme was set up and it reduced dumped waste by 25%
- Companies offer a payment of 5-10 rupees for E-waste
What are the problems with waste disposal in Mumbai?
- Mumbai’s population produces 8500T a day and has no formal system of waste collection.
- Waste is often dumped on vacant fields nearby
What are the solutions with air pollution in Mumbai?
- public transport and increased car taxes.
What are the problems with air pollution in Mumbai?
- industries in the eastern suburbs as well as rubbish incineration cause air pollution.
What are the long term solutions with water pollution in Mumbai?
- sewers and water treatment works to be implemented.
What are the short term solutions with water pollution in Mumbai?
- unemployed people would be hired to clean up waste in the water sources.
What are the problems with water pollution in Mumbai?
- there is illegal dumping of seage and industrial waste in the river mithi
- people wash clothes and cooking equipment in the river
How is the education and industry different in Curitiba?
- industries work with the community
- high standard of education (one of the oldest universities in Brazil)
What is sustainability?
Looking after the needs of today without reducing opportunities for the future.
What is a sustainable city?
A city that will use less resources and produce less waste than an unsustainable city.
What has Curitiba done about waste management?
- they recycle 2/3 of their waste
- the library stocks old/ reused books
Waste is separated into 2 sections: organic amd mom-organic - poorer residents exchange waste for food and bus tickets.
What have they done with open spaces in Curitiba?
- They turned the river banks into parks (flood plain zoning)
- More Storeys added onto skyscrapers in return for gardens/ green spaces at the base of them.
What are the transport solutions in Curitiba?
- Pedestrianisation done overnight and has since spread over 50 blocks
- triple-articulate Buses (cheaper than trains) with bus lanes and quick + efficient glass boarding tubes
Where is Curitiba located and how many people live there?
South eastern Brazil, 2 million
How many people were displaced in Syria?
6 million
How many people have the UK admitted from Syria since 2011?
10, 000
How much space does parkland in Curitiba cover?
1.4 million metres squared
How many cars are on the road everyday in mumbai?
700 000
Why is the air pollution really bad in Mumbai?
its three times the safe limit
How much raw sewerage is emptied into the river Mithi per day?
800 million litres
How many people died in the Nepal earthquake?
8000
How many people were homeless in the Nepal earthquake?
2.8 million
How much damage was caused to roads and buildings after the nepal earthquake?
$10 billion
How much economic damage was there after the Nepal earthquake?
half the countries GDP
What are the aims of the Cahora Bassa Dam?
- exports invisible products (electricity) to neighbouring countries such as South Africa and Zimbabwe
- aims to produce electricity for industrialisation in mozambique
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the dam?
Pros: - tourism - money from power export - possibility of industrialisation Cons: - environmental damage (effects fishing industry) - doesn't provide local people with power - bound Mozambique to portugal
What is goat aid?
an international charitable effort by oxfam where you pay £25 for a goat which is given to a village in africa
Why is goat aid good for developing communities?
- long term sustainable solution
- goats produce butter milk, cheese and meat and can breed and be sold on
What is the village phone program?
- a micro enterprise
- women entrepeneurs provide a phone service affecting 28 000 villages and benefiting 80 million people
Give an example of a conservation swap
USA/Brazil rain forest
- swapped $21 million of debt for the conservation of the Atlantic coastal rain-forest.
Why is Bulgaria less developed than the UK?
- used to be a communist country
- less accessible (land locked + not many raw materials)
- public corruption in the 1990s
- lack of industry
- less strong currency
- not been an EU member that long
What causes malaria?
climate change (increased rainfall and temperature) INCREASE THE NUMBER OF MOSQUITOS
What are the effects of malaria?
- a child dies every 2 minutes from malaria
- costs Africa $12 billion a year
What are the solutions of malaria?
- good healthcare
- funding
- treatment, mosquito nets and & vaccines
What are the causes of bilharzia?
parasitic worms in water burrow into the human body
How does bilharzia affect development?
- 40 million people were treated in 2013 costing money for healthcare and reducing the productivity of workers
How was development effected in Zimbabwe?
- 3/4/ of major hospitals were shut down
- in 2002 it was suspended from the UN
- hyperinflation
- land distributions
Zimbabwe became isolated and unable to develop
How does fairtrade help?
- annual global sales in excess of £6 billion and operating in 70 developing countries
- money can help the local community and improves working conditions
- it cuts out the wholesaler increasing money for workers meaning children can be educated
- guaranteed buyer for the products and nolarge drops in the price give families stability
How much area does the park in Curitiba cover and how do they maximise use?
1.4 million metres squared, they are all interconnected which also prevent shanty towns being built up
How do they cut grass in Curitiba?
sheep
How many houses did the build close to industry in Curitiba?
20 000, means people cycle to work
why do companies want to set up business in Curitiba?
because the university means that the workforce is educated
