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Geography GCSE 2017 > Human Case Studies > Flashcards

Human Case Studies Flashcards

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1
Q

When was China’s one child policy put in place?

A

1971

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2
Q

What does China’s one child policy do?

A

Keeps China’s population below 1.2 billion.

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3
Q

Where can a gender imbalance be found?

A

China

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4
Q

Why is China’s 1 child policy scheme not sustainable?

A

Bc it causes an aging population - by 2030 1/4 of China’s population will be over 60

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5
Q

What is bad about China’s one child policy?

A
  • abortions and sterilization are forced

- 3 million children between 1990 and 2000 were not registered

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6
Q

Where is Kerala?

A

Southwestern India

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7
Q

How did Kerala reduce high birthrate?

A

Improved education
Reduced infant mortality
Benefits for family’s with 2 or less children
They gave 150 000 public health facilities

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8
Q

How did Keralas scheme change India’s birth rate?

A

It reduced from 38 to 25 per 1000 people in 25years

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9
Q

When was the France pro natal policy?

A

1939

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10
Q

How much did France give for a couple to have a third child?

A

£1064

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11
Q

How much did they reduce public transport fares by in France?

A

30%

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12
Q

Why did France need the pro natal policy?

A
  • there was a decreased supply of labour
  • there was population decline
  • there was an aging population
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13
Q

What did Frances pro natal policy cause?

A

A baby boom between 1940 and 1965 and an aging population after 40 years

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14
Q

How many migrants came from Syria?

A

4.5 million

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15
Q

What is the percentage of people who don’t go to school in the EU compared to that of Africa?

A

EU- 1.1%

Africa- 34.3%

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16
Q

What is the life expectancy in the EU compared to that of Africa?

A

EU - 80 yrs

Africa - 47 yrs

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17
Q

What problems do Syrian migrants cause?

A

Less tourists
Need of food/shelter
Cuss of social tension

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18
Q

What are the benefits of old people in the UK?

A

They help out voluntarily
The provide child care
The grey pound puts money back into society

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19
Q

What are the drawbacks of and aging populatio in the UK?

A

65% of money from the department of work and pensions goes to over 65s
They need a lot of health care which is expensive

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20
Q

What 4 ways could help Britain cope with an aging population?

A
  • encouraging large families
  • encouraging immigration of young tax paying workers
  • raising retirement age
  • raising taxes
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21
Q

What are the push pull factors of Poland to UK immigration?

A

The annual GDP in Poland is a third of what it is in the UK
Life expectancy is 4 years longer in the UK
Poland’s unemployed is 10% higher than the unemployment in the UK

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22
Q

What are the positives of Poland to UK immigration ( for Poland) ?

A

For Poland:
Money is sent home
Less stress on school and hospitals
Less unemployment

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23
Q

What are the positives of Poland to UK immigration ( for UK) ?

A

For the UK:
Increase of skilled workforce
More tax payers
Improved culture

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24
Q

What are the negatives of Poland to UK immigration (for Poland)?

A

For Poland:
Increase of dependency ratio
Loss of skilled workers

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25
Q

What are the negatives of Poland to UK immigration (for UK)?

A

For the UK:
Social tension
Education housing and healthcare issues

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26
Q

How migrants came from Poland in 2 years?

A

260 000

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27
Q

How much annually do eastern European workers contribute to the UK economy?

A

2.5 billion pounds

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28
Q

What are Sustainable communities?

A
  • communities create an are with access to jobs, education and healthcare
  • e.g. BedZED, London
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29
Q

What is City Challenge?

A
  • local authority and the community enhance the environment and community facilities
    e. g. Hulme city challenge
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30
Q

What are the solutions to the inner city issues?

A
  • Urban development corporations
  • City challenge
  • Sustainable communities
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31
Q

What are the solutions to the traffic issues?

A
  • train systems
  • pedestrianisation
  • ring roads
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32
Q

What are the solutions to the multicultural issues?

A
  • posters printed in different languages
  • suitable services provided
  • interpreters provided at hospitals and police stations
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33
Q

What are the traffic issues?

A
  • wastes time and reduces productivity
  • hazardous and ugly
  • emergency services would be slowed
  • air + noise pollution
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34
Q

What are the multicultural issues?

A
  • racism, ethnic segregation and loss of original trade.
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35
Q

What are the inner city issues?

A

access to services, access to open land, security

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36
Q

What are the solutions to issues in the CBD (Birmingham, Bullring case study)?

A
  • pedestrainisation
  • improving public areas e.g. benches, trees, new library & bins
  • improving access e.g. revamping new street station (2015, cost £600million)
  • seasonal activities e.g. the German Christmas market
37
Q

What are the issues in the CBD?

A
  • vandalism, litter, pollution, traffic, closed shops
38
Q

What is ethnic segregation?

A

When people of a particular ethnic group choose to live with others from the same ethnic group, separate from other ethnic groups.
e.g. people living in enclaves in spark brook or shrub hill, Birmingham

39
Q

What are the housing issues?

A
  • need 240 000 homes per but only building 120 000 per year
40
Q

How many jobs did the redevelopment of eastside make?

A

12, 000 jobs, 5,000 jobs for construction

41
Q

How much did Birmingham spend of Eastside?

A

£6-8 million over a 10 year period

42
Q

What Is a UDC and give 2 examples

A

Urban Development Corporation-creates new houses, offices and industries. e.g.) London Docklands and Eastside

43
Q

What are the planned developments for Dharavi?

A
  • remove the slum and replace it with multiple storey flats.
  • build schools, roads and drainage systems.
  • residents who can prove they have lived there since 1995 are given accommodation.
44
Q

What is Dharavi’s recycling zone?

A
  • Ragpickers earn around £1 a day for their work

- 80% of waste is recycled

45
Q

What are the negatives of Dharavi?

A
  • it the 2nd largest slum in Asia and is very densly populated
  • running water is only available for 2hrs a day
46
Q

What are the positives of Dharavi?

A
  • 85% employment rate

- residents are hardworking and close knit community

47
Q

What are the solutions with waste disposal in Mumbai?

A
  • companies such as Samsung have set up E-waste disposal sites
  • A collection scheme was set up and it reduced dumped waste by 25%
  • Companies offer a payment of 5-10 rupees for E-waste
48
Q

What are the problems with waste disposal in Mumbai?

A
  • Mumbai’s population produces 8500T a day and has no formal system of waste collection.
  • Waste is often dumped on vacant fields nearby
49
Q

What are the solutions with air pollution in Mumbai?

A
  • public transport and increased car taxes.
50
Q

What are the problems with air pollution in Mumbai?

A
  • industries in the eastern suburbs as well as rubbish incineration cause air pollution.
51
Q

What are the long term solutions with water pollution in Mumbai?

A
  • sewers and water treatment works to be implemented.
52
Q

What are the short term solutions with water pollution in Mumbai?

A
  • unemployed people would be hired to clean up waste in the water sources.
53
Q

What are the problems with water pollution in Mumbai?

A
  • there is illegal dumping of seage and industrial waste in the river mithi
  • people wash clothes and cooking equipment in the river
54
Q

How is the education and industry different in Curitiba?

A
  • industries work with the community

- high standard of education (one of the oldest universities in Brazil)

55
Q

What is sustainability?

A

Looking after the needs of today without reducing opportunities for the future.

56
Q

What is a sustainable city?

A

A city that will use less resources and produce less waste than an unsustainable city.

57
Q

What has Curitiba done about waste management?

A
  • they recycle 2/3 of their waste
  • the library stocks old/ reused books
    Waste is separated into 2 sections: organic amd mom-organic
  • poorer residents exchange waste for food and bus tickets.
58
Q

What have they done with open spaces in Curitiba?

A
  • They turned the river banks into parks (flood plain zoning)
  • More Storeys added onto skyscrapers in return for gardens/ green spaces at the base of them.
59
Q

What are the transport solutions in Curitiba?

A
  • Pedestrianisation done overnight and has since spread over 50 blocks
  • triple-articulate Buses (cheaper than trains) with bus lanes and quick + efficient glass boarding tubes
60
Q

Where is Curitiba located and how many people live there?

A

South eastern Brazil, 2 million

61
Q

How many people were displaced in Syria?

A

6 million

62
Q

How many people have the UK admitted from Syria since 2011?

A

10, 000

63
Q

How much space does parkland in Curitiba cover?

A

1.4 million metres squared

64
Q

How many cars are on the road everyday in mumbai?

A

700 000

65
Q

Why is the air pollution really bad in Mumbai?

A

its three times the safe limit

66
Q

How much raw sewerage is emptied into the river Mithi per day?

A

800 million litres

67
Q

How many people died in the Nepal earthquake?

A

8000

68
Q

How many people were homeless in the Nepal earthquake?

A

2.8 million

69
Q

How much damage was caused to roads and buildings after the nepal earthquake?

A

$10 billion

70
Q

How much economic damage was there after the Nepal earthquake?

A

half the countries GDP

71
Q

What are the aims of the Cahora Bassa Dam?

A
  • exports invisible products (electricity) to neighbouring countries such as South Africa and Zimbabwe
  • aims to produce electricity for industrialisation in mozambique
72
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the dam?

A 
Pros: 
- tourism
- money from power export
- possibility of industrialisation
Cons:
- environmental damage (effects fishing industry)
- doesn't provide local people with power
- bound Mozambique to portugal
73
Q

What is goat aid?

A

an international charitable effort by oxfam where you pay £25 for a goat which is given to a village in africa

74
Q

Why is goat aid good for developing communities?

A
  • long term sustainable solution

- goats produce butter milk, cheese and meat and can breed and be sold on

75
Q

What is the village phone program?

A
  • a micro enterprise

- women entrepeneurs provide a phone service affecting 28 000 villages and benefiting 80 million people

76
Q

Give an example of a conservation swap

A

USA/Brazil rain forest

- swapped $21 million of debt for the conservation of the Atlantic coastal rain-forest.

77
Q

Why is Bulgaria less developed than the UK?

A
  • used to be a communist country
  • less accessible (land locked + not many raw materials)
  • public corruption in the 1990s
  • lack of industry
  • less strong currency
  • not been an EU member that long
78
Q

What causes malaria?

A

climate change (increased rainfall and temperature) INCREASE THE NUMBER OF MOSQUITOS

79
Q

What are the effects of malaria?

A
  • a child dies every 2 minutes from malaria

- costs Africa $12 billion a year

80
Q

What are the solutions of malaria?

A
  • good healthcare
  • funding
  • treatment, mosquito nets and & vaccines
81
Q

What are the causes of bilharzia?

A

parasitic worms in water burrow into the human body

82
Q

How does bilharzia affect development?

A
  • 40 million people were treated in 2013 costing money for healthcare and reducing the productivity of workers
83
Q

How was development effected in Zimbabwe?

A
  • 3/4/ of major hospitals were shut down
  • in 2002 it was suspended from the UN
  • hyperinflation
  • land distributions

Zimbabwe became isolated and unable to develop

84
Q

How does fairtrade help?

A
  • annual global sales in excess of £6 billion and operating in 70 developing countries
  • money can help the local community and improves working conditions
  • it cuts out the wholesaler increasing money for workers meaning children can be educated
  • guaranteed buyer for the products and nolarge drops in the price give families stability
85
Q

How much area does the park in Curitiba cover and how do they maximise use?

A

1.4 million metres squared, they are all interconnected which also prevent shanty towns being built up

86
Q

How do they cut grass in Curitiba?

A

sheep

87
Q

How many houses did the build close to industry in Curitiba?

A

20 000, means people cycle to work

88
Q

why do companies want to set up business in Curitiba?

A

because the university means that the workforce is educated

Geography GCSE 2017 (12 decks)

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