Changing Urban Environments Case Studies Flashcards
Where is Curitiba located and how many people live there?
South eastern Brazil, 2 million
What are the transport solutions in Curitiba?
- Pedestrianisation done overnight and has since spread over 50 blocks
- triple-articulate Buses (cheaper than trains) with bus lanes and quick + efficient glass boarding tubes
What have they done with open spaces in Curitiba?
- They turned the river banks into parks (flood plain zoning)
- More Storeys added onto skyscrapers in return for gardens/ green spaces at the base of them.
What has Curitiba done about waste management?
- they recycle 2/3 of their waste
- the library stocks old/ reused books
Waste is separated into 2 sections: organic amd mom-organic - poorer residents exchange waste for food and bus tickets.
What is a sustainable city?
A city that will use less resources and produce less waste than an unsustainable city.
What is sustainability?
Looking after the needs of today without reducing opportunities for the future.
How is the education and industry different in Curitiba?
- industries work with the community
- high standard of education (one of the oldest universities in Brazil)
What are the problems with water pollution in Mumbai?
- there is illegal dumping of seage and industrial waste in the river mithi
- people wash clothes and cooking equipment in the river
What are the short term solutions with water pollution in Mumbai?
- unemployed people would be hired to clean up waste in the water sources.
What are the long term solutions with water pollution in Mumbai?
- sewers and water treatment works to be implemented.
What are the problems with air pollution in Mumbai?
- industries in the eastern suburbs as well as rubbish incineration cause air pollution.
What are the solutions with air pollution in Mumbai?
- public transport and increased car taxes.
What are the problems with waste disposal in Mumbai?
- Mumbai’s population produces 8500T a day and has no formal system of waste collection.
- Waste is often dumped on vacant fields nearby
What are the solutions with waste disposal in Mumbai?
- companies such as Samsung have set up E-waste disposal sites
- A collection scheme was set up and it reduced dumped waste by 25%
- Companies offer a payment of 5-10 rupees for E-waste
What are the positives of Dharavi?
- 85% employment rate
- residents are hardworking and close knit community
What are the negatives of Dharavi?
- it the 2nd largest slum in Asia and is very densly populated
- running water is only available for 2hrs a day
What is Dharavi’s recycling zone?
- Ragpickers earn around £1 a day for their work
- 80% of waste is recycled
What are the planned developments for Dharavi?
- remove the slum and replace it with multiple storey flats.
- build schools, roads and drainage systems.
- residents who can prove they have lived there since 1995 are given accommodation.
What Is a UDC and give 2 examples
Urban Development Corporation-creates new houses, offices and industries. e.g.) London Docklands and Eastside
How much did Birmingham spend of Eastside?
£6-8 million over a 10 year period
How many jobs did the redevelopment of eastside make?
12, 000 jobs, 5,000 jobs for construction
What are the housing issues?
- need 240 000 homes per but only building 120 000 per year
What is ethnic segregation?
When people of a particular ethnic group choose to live with others from the same ethnic group, separate from other ethnic groups.
e.g. people living in enclaves in spark brook or shrub hill, Birmingham
What are the issues in the CBD?
- vandalism, litter, pollution, traffic, closed shops
What are the solutions to issues in the CBD (Birmingham, Bullring case study)?
- pedestrainisation
- improving public areas e.g. benches, trees, new library & bins
- improving access e.g. revamping new street station (2015, cost £600million)
- seasonal activities e.g. the German Christmas market
What are the inner city issues?
acess to services, access to open land, security
What are the multicultural issues?
- racism, ethnic segregation and loss of original trade.
What are the traffic issues?
- wastes time and reduces productivity
- hazardous and ugly
- emergency services would be slowed
- air + noise pollution
What are the solutions to the multicultural issues?
- posters printed in different languages
- suitable services provided
- interpreters provided at hospitals and police stations
What are the solutions to the traffic issues?
- train systems
- pedestrianisation
- ring roads
What are the solutions to the inner city issues?
- Urban development corporations
- City challenge
- Sustainable communities
What is City Challenge?
- local authority and the community enhance the environment and community facilities
e. g. Hulme city challenge
What are Sustainable communities?
- communities create an are with access to jobs, education and healthcare
- e.g. BedZED, London
How much space does parkland in Curitiba cover?
1.4 million metres squared
How many cars are on the road everyday in mumbai?
700 000
Why is the air pollution really bad in Mumbai?
its three times the safe limit
How much raw sewerage is emptied into the river Mithi per day?
800 million litres
How much area does the park in Curitiba cover and how do they maximise use?
1.4 million metres squared, they are all interconnected which also prevent shanty towns being built up
How do they cut grass in Curitiba?
sheep
How many houses did the build close to industry in Curitiba?
20 000, means people cycle to work
why do companies want to set up business in Curitiba?
because the university means that the workforce is educated
How many cases of Diphtheria and typoid are there a day?
4 000
What are some negatives of the land in Dharavi?
- there is a lot of toxic waste
- people own no legal rights to the land
- there are no maps or sign posts
How many people share 1 public toilet in dharavi?
500
How big the they development scheme threatening Dharavi?
$2 billion
