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Geography GCSE 2017 > Development Gap > Flashcards

Development Gap Flashcards

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1
Q

Trade

A

The exchange of good and services between countries

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2
Q

Primary Products

A

products which are produced without manufacturing (e.g.fruit and metal ores)

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3
Q

Secondary Products

A

Goods which require processing (e.g. cars or phones)

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4
Q

Visible Products

A

The trade of actual things e.g. cars

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5
Q

invisible Products

A

The trade of services and intellectual property rather than goods

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6
Q

Quality of life

A

an average of 3 social indicators: literacy rate, life expectancy and infant mortality (happiness and opportunity)

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7
Q

Standard of living

A

the economic level of your life

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8
Q

HDI

A 
Human Development Index is a number that is calculated using
life expectancy
literacy rate
education level
income per head
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9
Q

GDP

A

Gross Domestic Product is the total value of goods and services a country produces in a year.

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10
Q

GNI/GNP

A

Gross National Income/ Gross National Product is the total value of goods and services people of that nationality produce a year. ( GNP+ money from people living abroad)

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11
Q

Trade Block

A

a type of intergovernmental agreement where regional barriers of trade are reduced or eliminated among the participating states

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12
Q

Fairtrade

A

Fairtrade provides better prices for farmers and improved working conditions in the developing world

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13
Q

Aid to the top

A

money is given to governments and used by wealthy workers such as engineers and planners to increase exports

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14
Q

Aid to the bottom

A

Aid is sent directly to the poorest people, increasing standard of living

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15
Q

Bilateral aid

A

when one country donates money or resources to another but with conditions attached, the conditions are normally in the MEDCs favour

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16
Q

Multilateral aid

A

governments give money to international agencies such as the world bank which decide how the money is spent

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17
Q

Emergency aid

A

given after sudden disasters

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18
Q

development aid

A

involves providing local communities with education and skills for sustainable development

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19
Q

Charitable (NGO) aid

A

based and funded in industrialised countries, money is raised through public appeals, donation and charity shops. They work closely with the community allowing aid to be closely targeted on local need.

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20
Q

Economic core

A

the wealthiest countries with the most advanced industry, services and communications

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21
Q

Economic periphery

A

the poorer countries of a trade block

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22
Q

What is economic development?

A

a measure of a countries wealth and how its generated

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23
Q

What is human development?

A

measures the access the population has to wealth, jobs, education, leisure, health, safety, nutrition

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24
Q

What is the 1st, 2nd and 3rd world model?

A

where the world is split into 3 parts.

made from a western perspective and doesn’t account for recent development or migration

25
Q

What is the Brandt line?

A

a north south divide with works for categorising the extremes

26
Q

What is the 5 categories model?

A
  • rich industrialising e.g UK and USA
  • oil exporting countries e.g. UAE
  • newly industrialising e.g. China
  • former centrally planned e.g. Russia
  • Heavily indebted countries e.g. Chile
27
Q

Loan

A

the giving of money and resources which has to be repaid

28
Q

What are the advantages of loans?

A
  • boosts economy and aids development
  • used to improve services
  • immediate access
  • improves infrastructure and methods
29
Q

What are the disadvantages of loans?

A
  • countries may not know how to use the money correctly

- interest means that the debt constantly grows

30
Q

What are the benefits of micro enterprises?

A
  • business opportunities
31
Q

What are the benefits of micro conservation swaps?

A
  • targets areas at risk

- gets rid of debt

32
Q

What are the issues of micro enterprises?

A
  • small scale
33
Q

What are the issues of micro conservation swaps?

A
  • no additional money/aid

- hard to moniter

34
Q

What are benefits of trade blocks?

A
  • free movement of people
  • improved standard of living
  • can set environmental standards and regulations
  • jobs are created
  • protects economies and companies from competition
  • reduces chance of conflict
35
Q

What are Drawbacks of trade blocks?

A
  • easy movement of illegal immigrants
  • increased food miles
  • less global trade
  • disputes between trade blocks
  • they cost a lot of money
  • adds complications
36
Q

What are 6 ways to give aid?

A
  • skilled people
  • equipment
  • food
  • money
  • projects
  • emergency aid
37
Q

What is CAP?

A

Common agricultural policy

  • set up after the second world war
  • pays money for farmers/ subsidies to the poorest farmers in the EU
38
Q

What are the goals of CAP?

A
  • guarantee food production
  • stabilise food prices
  • guarantee agricultural employment and wages
39
Q

What are the negatives of CAP?

A
  • lead to over production of food
  • damaged the environment
  • cost a lot of the EUs bugdet
40
Q

What is the European investment bank?

A

provides finance and expertise for sustainable investment projects in Europe and beyond

41
Q

What structural funds?

A

a way to narrow gaps in development amoung regions in the member states. provides money for social and economic oppurtunities

42
Q

What is Urban 11 fund?

A

combats social and economic problems in cities. e.g. new castle

43
Q

CAUSES OF INEQUALITY, ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR: drought

A

kills livestock. Causes chest infections and infectious disease.

44
Q

CAUSES OF INEQUALITY, ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR: climate related disease

A

health care from diseases such as malaria costs Africa $12 billion a year which they can’t afford

45
Q

CAUSES OF INEQUALITY, ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR: Malnutrition

A

causes economics loss (country has to buy food supplies, pay for hospital treatment and also there would be less people working).

46
Q

CAUSES OF INEQUALITY, ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR: Natural hazards

A

reduced workforce and costs for rebuilding

47
Q

CAUSES OF INEQUALITY, ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR: Desertification

A

climate change, deforestation and overgrazing have led to desertification. Means the country can’t sell crops which is the bulk of what LEDC’s get their income from

48
Q

CAUSES OF INEQUALITY, ECONOMIC FACTOR: Interdepedence

A

LEDCs rely on MEDCs for secondary products such as machinery and computers. However MEDCs rely on LEDCs for primary products and raw materials.

49
Q

CAUSES OF INEQUALITY, ECONOMIC FACTOR: Trade

A

Global trade deals do not favour LEDCs and tariffs are often placed on primary products. Also history of famine and war makes trade difficult.

50
Q

CAUSES OF INEQUALITY, ECONOMIC FACTOR: Exports

A

LEDCs mostly only export only primary products meaning they spend more money than the country has coming in.

51
Q

CAUSES OF INEQUALITY, ECONOMIC FACTOR: Workforce

A

if the workforce has low skill and productivity it reduces the amount of export and decreases the countries income. This is effected by not having a reliable energy supply and lack of infrastructure.

52
Q

CAUSES OF INEQUALITY, SOCIAL FACTOR: Water

A

lack of water limits the crop yields and therefore the food supply. If there is not enough or the water is contaminated it can cause disease and dehydration resulting is less economic development.

53
Q

CAUSES OF INEQUALITY, SOCIAL FACTOR: Education

A

LEDC countries have less schools as they are expensive to run and set up this leads to low skilled workers with low income. This puts any possible investors off because of the lack of the skilled workforce.

54
Q

CAUSES OF INEQUALITY, SOCIAL FACTOR: Health

A

Diseases can be carried in unreliable water sources for example bilharzia. It costs hospitals a lot of money to treat these diseases and also means they cannot improve or focus on treating a more major things.

55
Q

CAUSES OF INEQUALITY, POLITICAL FACTOR: Democracy

A

some people make money at the expense of those they are supposed to represent.

e.g. zimbabwe

56
Q

CAUSES OF INEQUALITY, POLITICAL FACTOR: Historic Trade

A

allied countries are more likely to trade e.g. UK & Australia however LEDCs have not got these strong historic trade links making trade more difficult.

57
Q

CAUSES OF INEQUALITY, POLITICAL FACTOR: Political Stability

A

countries coming out of civil war are often very poor. Companies are less likely to invest in unstable governments.

58
Q

CAUSES OF INEQUALITY, POLITICAL FACTOR: Access

A

If a country is landlocked and surrounded by bad neighbours it limits development

Geography GCSE 2017 (12 decks)

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