Population Flashcards
age-sex distribution
The proportion of individuals of different ages and genders within a population
agricultural revolutions
The development of farming (neo-litical)
anti-natalist population policies
Policies put forth by a nation that encourage a reduction in reproduction (restrictive policy)
arable
Land suitable for growing crops
baby boom v. baby bust
Boom: people born during post WWII (1946-1964) Bust: declines in birth rates due to war or recession
carrying capacity
The limit on the population by the resources a country has (i.e. the verdict on whether the country has enough resources to carry the population)
census
A complete enumeration of a population
child mortality rate (CMR)
Number of children under the age of 5 that die per 1,000 children in the nation
cohort
A group based on age
crude birth rate (CBR)
Number of births per every 1,000 people in the nation
crude death rate (CDR)
Number of deaths per every 1,000 people in the nation
demographic equation
The combination of births, deaths, immigration, and emigration that contribute to high or low population growth. Population at present = initial population + births - deaths + immigrants - emigrants
demographic momentum (hidden momentum)
Continued population growth in surges due to the large number of females that will move through the childbearing years and produce another large group of youth
demographic regions
Regions grouped together by the stage of the DTM that most countries in the region are in
demographic transition model (DTM)
A model used to explain and predict population. Based on the assumption that all countries pass through four stages, Stage 1 countries have a high death rate, a high birth rate, and a low total population; Stage 2 countries have a high birth rate, a declining death rate, and an increasing population; Stage 3 countries have a quickly declining birth rate, a declining death rate, and an increasing population; Stage 4 countries have a low birth rate, low death rate, and high/increasing total population; and the hypothetical Stage 5 includes a stabilizing population with a low death rate and an even lower birth rate
demography
The study of human populations
dependency rate
A number that compares the number of dependents with the number of people in the workforce
doubling time
The time it takes a population to double in size. The higher the NIR, the quicker the doubling rate.
ecumene
The phenomenon that 75% of the world’s population is distributed on 5% of the Earth’s surface
endemic
A disease or condition regularly found among particular people or in a certain area
epicenter
A focal point of activity or disease
epidemiologic transition
A DTM for death at each stage (Stage 1, famine and infectious disease; Stage 2, epidemic diseases and overcrowding; Stage 3 and 4, human created diseases and diseases of the elderly
epidemiology
The spread of diseases through large populations
ethnicity
A socially defined category of people who identify with each other based on common experience
eugenics
The study of the biology of different races/ethnicities
exponential growth (geometric rate)
A fast rate of growth of people because the number is multiplying