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Human Geo > Language and Religion > Flashcards

Language and Religion Flashcards

1
Q

Afro-Asiatic Family

A

A family that includes Semantic, Chaitic, and Berber branches, and includes Arabic, Hebrew, Somali, and Amharic

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2
Q

Balto-Slavic Branch

A

A branch of the Indo-European family that includes S/W/E Slavic, Czech, Russian, Polish, and Bulgarian

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3
Q

bilingual

A

A population that can speak more than one language fluently

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4
Q

creole

A

A language formed from the contact of two languages

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5
Q

dialect

A

Regional change in language vocabulary, spelling, pronunciation, and syntax

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6
Q

endangered language

A

Languages that are dropping out due to globalization or assimilation

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7
Q

Esperanto

A

The attempt at a universal language or lingua franca

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8
Q

extinct language

A

The absence of a language caused by a group of assimilated people that give up their original language

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9
Q

Germanic Branch

A

A branch of the Indo-European family that includes Norwegian, Swedish, Danish, North German, and the West Germanic branch which includes English, German, and Dutch

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10
Q

ideograms

A

A symbol that exemplifies an idea or thing without indicating sounds

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11
Q

Indo-European Family

A

A family that includes the Germanic, Romance, Baltic-Slavic, and Indo-Iranian branches

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12
Q

Indo-Iranian Branch

A

A branch of the Indo-European family that includes Iranian, Kurdish, Persian, and Pakistani and the Indic branch, which includes Bengali, Sara’ki, Sinhala, Urdu, and Punjabi

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13
Q

isogloss

A

The boundaries that divide the use of different words and pronunciations on a political map

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14
Q

isolated language

A

Languages that develop on their own, unrelated to any families

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15
Q

language

A

A collection of sounds with meaning for communication

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16
Q

language branch

A

Collection of languages with an old ancestor within a family

17
Q

language divergence

A

Movement and division of a language through relocation diffusion

18
Q

language family

A

Collection of related languages from before written history

19
Q

language group

A

Collection of languages with a recent connection within a branch

20
Q

lingua franca

A

A language that is used to bridge the barrier between two or more languages (English)

21
Q

literacy

A

The measurement of reading ability in a population that is required in order to have written communication/literary tradition

22
Q

literary tradition

A

The collection of written traditions in a language

23
Q

monolingual state

A

A nation in which there is only one spoken language

24
Q

multilingual state

A

A nation in which there are many spoken languages (Belgium and Switzerland)

25
Q

Niger-Congo Family

A

A family that includes the Benue-Congo, K’wa, and West Atlantic branches, along with Sukuma, Yoruba, Akin, Rwanda, Shona, Swahili, Moore, and Mando

26
Q

official language

A

A language named for laws and public announcements

27
Q

oral tradition

A

The collection of sounds from a language

28
Q

pidgin

A

A simplified version of a language

29
Q

Proto-Indo-European (agricultural/conquest theory)

A

The believed origin of Indo-European languages, and the language either diffused through agricultural migration (from hearth in Turkey) or through conquest (from Kurgan hearth)

30
Q

Romantic Branch

A

A branch in the Indo-European family that includes Spanish, French, Haitian Creole, Portuguese, Roman, and Catalan

31
Q

Sino-Tibetan family

A

A family that includes Austrio-Thai, Tibetan-Burman, and Sinitic branches

32
Q

standard language

A

The language chosen to bridge the gap between different language dialects

33
Q

syntax

A

Grammatical order

34
Q

toponym

A

Names of cities

35
Q

trade language

A

Early simplified communications along trade routes

Human Geo (6 decks)

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