Culture

Question 1

adaptive strategies

Answer 1

Strategies that cultures use to gather the necessities of life from their environment or situation

Question 2

architectural form

Answer 2

Housing styles based on environmental factors (resources available) and social choices (sacred areas, ease of snow removal, directionality)

Question 3

artifacts (material and non-material)

Answer 3

Artifacts resemble values, beliefs, and behaviors of a culture. Material artifacts are visible, whereas non-material artifacts are abstract (standards, truths, actions)

Question 4

aspects of culture (trait, complex, systems)

Answer 4

A cultural trait is essentially a custom; a cultural complex is a collection of social customs of a group (combination of traits) that is unique to one culture; a cultural system is the merging of culture complexes that share many of the same traits

Question 5

assimilation

Answer 5

Complete erasing of original characteristics of a culture by the mor powerful culture

Question 6

authenticity

Answer 6

Legitimate and original traditions and customs

Question 7

cultural appropriation

Answer 7

When cultures adopt customs from other cultures and use them for their own benefit

Question 8

cultural convergence

Answer 8

The tendency for cultures to become more alike as they share technology and organizational structures in a modern world

Question 9

cultural core-periphery pattern

Answer 9

The idea that the core houses the main economic power or influence of a region and the outlying periphery houses less influential ties

Question 10

cultural determinism

Answer 10

There are no limits placed on humans by the environment

Question 11

cultural possibilism

Answer 11

Cultures have the ability to shape the environment and grow without the influence of the environment, but not entirely

Question 12

cultural identity

Answer 12

The feeling of belongingness to a cultural group

Question 13

cultural imperialism

Answer 13

One nation invading another with its ideas

Question 14

cultural linkage

Answer 14

Contact with others of the same beliefs in different locations

Question 15

cultural realm

Answer 15

A collective of culture regions sharing related culture systems; an area so distinct it can be perceived as set apart from other realms in terms of cultural characteristics

Question 16

cultural regions (formal, functional, perceptual)

Answer 16

A formal region is an area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics; a functional region is an area organized around a node or focal point where the culture is most strong; a perceptual region is one that is perceived to be different from all others in terms of cultural distinctiveness

Question 17

cultural revival

Answer 17

Anti-globalism; cultural restoration

Question 18

customs

Answer 18

A repetitive act of a group that is widely adopted

Question 19

environmental possibilism

Answer 19

The environment doesn’t determine customs entirely, but it does have influence

Question 20

folk culture

Answer 20

Customs of a small, homogenous group in an isolated area

Question 21

habits

Answer 21

A repetitive act of an individual

Question 22

housing styles (saltbox, I-house, cape cod, tidewater, tudor, colonial)

Answer 22

A saltbox house (north) featured a long, curving roof to let snow fall off; an I-house (mid-atlantic) is one room deep and two rooms wide with a small, skinny roof; a cape cod house (north) is a house with a wide, broad frame a story and a half tall, a chimney, a pitched roof, and gables; a tidewater house (south) is a one story home with a steep roof and chimneys at both ends, built on piers or high brick foundations; a tudor house featured simple rectangular plans and an “H” layout, pitched roofs, gables, thin windows/doors, and were white with chocolate brown strips; a colonial house was elaborate, tall, and often had columns or many windows

Question 23

neolocalism

Answer 23

Seeking of a regional, rather than global, identity; reverting back to local custom

Question 24

placelessness

Answer 24

The trend of the US landscape becoming more uniform with subdivisions, large stores, and fast-food restaurants

Question 25

popular culture

Answer 25

Customs of a large, heterogeneous society that overcomes ethnic boundaries

Question 26

regional identity

Answer 26

Money, technology, environmental changes, toponym, architecture, houses of worship, public buildings, and symbols that create a unique image of a region

Question 27

regions (formal, functional, perceptual)

Answer 27

A formal region is an area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics; a functional region is an area organized around a node or focal point where the culture or influence is most strong; a perceptual region is one that is perceived to be different from all others in terms of cultural distinctiveness

Question 28

survey systems (metes & bounds, long-lot, township and range)

Answer 28

Metes and bounds survey system is based on English property which was marked my landmarks; Long-lot survey system is based on French property, pieced into narrow chunks coming from a common river or road; township and range survey system is American designed based on rectangular land division

Question 29

syncretic

Answer 29

A combination of new and old traditions

Question 30

taboo

Answer 30

Customs that are restricted

Question 31

transculturation

Answer 31

Both cultures are equally pwerful and therefore do not dominate each other