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Human Geo > Migration > Flashcards

Migration Flashcards

1
Q

acculturation

A

The process of gradually losing an original culture, often through migration

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2
Q

brain drain

A

A lack of education in home nations and the emigration of a nation’s most intelligent people to pursue higher/better education

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3
Q

chain migration/immigration waves

A

Migration caused by waves following families and shared ethnic groups that have previously made the trek

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4
Q

circulation (cyclic, seasonal, transhumance)

A

Short-term, regular movement. Cyclic movement occurs on a daily or weekly basis within the territory near a person’s home. Seasonal movement occurs when people move with specific reasons or at specific times. Transhumance movement is the movement of livestock based on the availability of food (hillside to pastures)

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5
Q

colonization

A

Migration in which one nation establishes ownership in a different territory

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6
Q

commuting

A

Movement to school, work, church, etc.

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7
Q

counterurbanization

A

The movement seen with flourishing economies in which people move from urban to rural places to pursue a less frantic pace, retirement options, factory and agricultural work, suburbs, and connection away from cities but through time-space compression

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8
Q

eco-migration

A

Migration caused by environmental push/pull factors based on the “Too”s (too much/little): water, sunshine, allergens, etc.

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9
Q

emigration

A

Migration from a location (out-migration)

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10
Q

external migration (international or intercontinental)

A

Movement from one nation or continent to another

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11
Q

forced migration

A

Migration caused by pushing because of cultural factors (political discord, war, racism, etc.)

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12
Q

global-scale migration

A

Movement from one nation or continent to another on a global scale. This is less frequent because it requires many more resources

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13
Q

gravity model of spatial interaction

A

The model that states that most migrants go short distances unless a large city or population center is the ultimate destination (they are more willing to travel longer distances). The model compares the population of two cities and their distance to figure out the “pull”. Population 1 * Population 2 (in millions) /Distance

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14
Q

guest workers (time-contract workers)

A

Workers who have special documentation for a temporary time to obtain jobs (guaranteed minimum wage and take jobs that citizens don’t want)

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15
Q

immigration

A

Migration to a location (in-migration)

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16
Q

immigration laws

A

Laws created by nations to limit movement into the country

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17
Q

infrastructure

A

The basic structure or features of the migration system

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18
Q

internal migration (inter or intra regional)

A

Migration within the borders of a country or region that is most frequent

19
Q

internally displaced person (dislocation)

A

People that are forced from their home regions due to conflict

20
Q

intervening obstacle

A

Environmental or cultural reasons why migrants don’t make it to their original goal (mountains, racism, etc.)

21
Q

intervening opportunity

A

An opportunity that gets in the way of the migrant’s original goal (a good job, societal acceptance, etc.)

22
Q

migrant labor

A

Periodic movement involving millions of workers worldwide who cross international borders in search of employment

23
Q

migration

A

Permanent movement across boundaries

24
Q

migration counterstreams

A

Movement out of point B back to point A or to another location

25
Q

migration patterns

A

Patterns that help predict future demographic patterns based on the demographic equation

26
Q

migration selectivity

A

The prediction about which type of people will migrate (male (although number of females rising due to changing gender roles), single, young adults, seeking work)

27
Q

migration streams

A

A trend of movement of people from point A to point B (largest streams: Asia-Europe, Asia-North America, Latin America-North America)

28
Q

Migration Transition Model (Zelinsky)

A

Migration patterns based on the DTM (Stage 1, season or cyclic movement and no migration; Stage 2, most migration, from farms to cities and internationally to higher stage nations; Stage 3 and 4, internal migration or within nation migration from cities to suburbs)

29
Q

mobility

A

Movement from one place to another

30
Q

net-in/net-out migration

A

Net-In migration means more people have moved to a place (North America, Oceania, Europe). Net-Out migration means more people have moved from a place (Asia, Africa, Latin America)

31
Q

net migration

A

The difference between immigration and emigration

32
Q

place desirability/utility

A

The opportunities offered by an area in comparison to others

33
Q

pull factor

A

A reason to move to a location

34
Q

push factor

A

A reason to leave a location

35
Q

Quotas (US Act of 1921)

A

Limitations in immigrants established in the 20th century to slow the immigration of Europeans and restrict poor immigrants from Asia/Latin America

36
Q

Raventstein’s Laws of Migration

A

Laws that state that migration patterns are still based on basic principles: migrants go short distances (distance decay); long distance migration usually involves a large city (gravity model); rural populations are likely to move to urban areas; individuals are more likely to migrate than families; and every migration causes a counterstream. This applies to reasons, distance, and characteristics of migrants

37
Q

refugee

A

People that are forced from their home nation to avoid persecution

38
Q

remittance

A

Money sent back to families by immigrants to help sustain the family. This involves using coyotes (people that are paid for transportation) across borders

39
Q

rural-urban movement

A

Urbanization caused by migration from rural to urban areas

40
Q

step migration

A

Migration through multiple stages

41
Q

undocumented immigrants

A

People who enter a country without proper documentation, or illegal aliens

42
Q

voluntary migration

A

Migration based on better opportunities and free choice

43
Q

cluster migration

A

Migration by following families and shared ethnic groups

44
Q

critical distance

A

The distance beyond which an average migrant cannot afford, survive, or plan travel (money, effort, means)

Human Geo (6 decks)

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