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Clin Med 2 > Polyps > Flashcards

Polyps Flashcards

1
Q

4 parts of large intestine

A

ascending
transverse
descending
sigmoid

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2
Q

Fxn of large intestine

A

remove water, salt and form stool

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3
Q

Clinical polyps

A
  • asymptomatic
  • bright red blood per rectum
  • rectal tenesmus
  • change in bowel habits (severe)
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4
Q

sessile

A

base attached to colonic wall

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5
Q

pedunculated

A

mucosal stalk between polyp and wall

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6
Q

flat

A

height is less than the base of the diameter

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7
Q

depressed

A

depression into colonic wall

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8
Q

5 types of non-neoplastic polyps

A 
mucosal
inflammatory pseudopolyps
hyperplastic
submucosal
hamartamous
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9
Q

Mucosal polyp

A
  • small <5mm

- resembles adjacent tissue and is histologically normal

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10
Q

Inflammatory pseudopolyps

A
  • irregularly shaped islands of intact mucosa due to ulcerations and regeneration
  • commonly seen in patients with IBD
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11
Q

Hyperplastic polyp

A

most common non-neoplastic polyp

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12
Q

Submucosal polyp

A
  • lipoma is most common; yellow and soft; pillow sign
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13
Q

Hamartamous polyps

A
  • grow in disorganized fashion

- non-neoplastic but certain syndromes can cause them to become CRC

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14
Q

Adenomatous polyps

A
  • 2/3 of colonic polyps
  • benign tumor of glandular tissue
  • take 7-10yrs to become adenocarcinoma
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15
Q

RF for adenomatous polyps

A
  • old age
  • increased BMI
  • lack of physical activity
  • men
  • smoking
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16
Q

prevention for adenomatous polyps

A
  • low fat diet, high in fruit, veggies, fiber
  • normal body weight and exercise
  • decrease in alcohol (beer)
  • aspirin daily
  • COX-2 agents
17
Q

Tubular adenoma

A

80% of colonic adenoma and small risk of developing into CRC

18
Q

Villous adenoma

A

highest risk of developing into crc

19
Q

Characteristics associated with increase CRC risk

A
  1. villous histology
  2. high grade dysplasia
  3. number and size- more than 1 over 1cm or more than 3 any size
20
Q

Diagnosis adenomatous polyps

A 
Fecal Occult Blood Testing
Double Contrast Barium Enema
CT colonography
Flexible Sigmoidoscopy
Colonoscopy
21
Q

Gold standard for adenomatous polyps

A

colonoscopy

22
Q

Pro and Con to colonoscopy

A

Pro
-direct visualization and can remove polyps visualized
Con
-perforation
-significant bleeding
-intolerance to sedation
-dehydration/electrolyte imbalance in elderly

23
Q

Tx adenomatous polyps

A

polypectomy

Clin Med 2 (25 decks)

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