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A Level-DT > Polymers > Flashcards

Polymers Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Thermosetting plastic

A

Thermosetting plastics are plastics that can not be reformed after being manufactured

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2
Q

What is Thermoforming plastics

A

Thermoforming plastics are plastics that can be re-set many times so it is better for recycling

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3
Q

What is acrylic

A

Acrylic is a brittle plastic that can be transparent e.g car lights

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4
Q

What is high impact polysterene (HIPS)

A

It is a durable and flexible plastic that can withstand high impact e.g yoghurt pots

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5
Q

What is high density polythene (HDPE)

A

It is a very durable plastic with a slight bit of flexibility e.g bucket

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6
Q

What is polypropylene (PP)

A

Polypropylene is a very strong plastic that has a slight bit of flex and is heat resistant e.g chairs or anything that needs strength

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7
Q

What is polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

A

It is a very strong and durable plastic that has good resistance to UV rays e.g window sills

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8
Q

What is a polyethylene terephthalate (PET)

A

It is a very flexible plastic that can be easily recycled e.g plastic bottles

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9
Q

What is epoxy resin?

A

Epoxy resin is a substance made up of resin and hardener, it is used as an adhesive

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10
Q

What is melamine formaldehyde (MF)

A

It is a heat resistant plastic covering (over wooden board) that is smooth and finishes nicely e.g kitchen top

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11
Q

What is phenol formaldehyde

A

A very heat resistant plastic that is used for pan handles

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12
Q

What is a polyester resin

A

It is a very hard and brittle plastic than can withstand harsh conditions and is very durable e.g boat

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13
Q

What is urea formaldehyde

A

Urea formaldehyde is an extremely hard and brittle plastic that is heat and electricity resistant so it is good for sockets

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14
Q

What is an elastomer

A

A polymer which can be bent and deformed at room temperature but when the pressure is released it will go back

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15
Q

Name 6 polymer additives

A

Antistatics
Flame retardants
Plasticisers
Fillers
Thermal antioxidants
Pigments
Lubricants

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16
Q

Name 3 proliferation polymer additives

A

Antioxidants
UV light stabilisers
Biodegradable plasticisers
Bio-batch additives

17
Q

What is vacuum forming

A

Vacuum forming is a process in which a polymer sheet is heated
and the mould which is on the ‘platen’ is raised up and pushes it into shape from the bottom
then a vacuum pump sucks it into shape from underneath and the excess is trimmed off.
It can usually be identified from a ‘shell’ like structure and thin material

18
Q

What is thermoforming

A

Thermoforming is a process in which polymers are heated up and
a positive mould presses it into the negative mould while a vacuum pump is sucking.
Unlike vacuum forming, thermoforming can provide a high level of detail.

19
Q

What is calendaring

A

Calendaring is a process in which heated granules in a dough like state are fed into a series of heated rollers.
The rollers then get progressively closer together making the output sheet thinner
until the end were a set of cooling rollers cool the plastic again

20
Q

What is line bending

A

Line bending is when a line of the plastic is heated to make it malleable
then a corner is bent along this line and it is left to cool in a jig

21
Q

What is lamination (lay up)

A

Lamination is the process by which fibre based composites such as carbon fibre are made into 3D objects e.g. yacht.
It works by preparing a mould of the product and then adding a layer of release agent such as parcel tape so you can take off the finished piece
Then a gel coat of resin mixed with pigment is applied and a matting is applied
then a roller is passed over the layers to make them bond in the desired shape

22
Q

What is injection moulding

A

Injection moulding is the process by which detailed plastic products are made.
It works via pouring plastic granules into a hopper where they will be fed into a chamber
where they will then be heated up into molten plastic.
Then an archimedes screw forces it into the mould where it is left to cool in the final product shape

23
Q

What is blow moulding

A

Blow moulding is a process in which a polymer is fed into a hopper where it is heated and stretched into a ‘parison’ which is a tube.
The tube of thermoplastic is lowered into a mould and then has high pressure air blowed in to blow it up like a balloon.
The plastic then takes the shape of the mould and cools. (Commonly used for bottles)

24
Q

What is rotational moulding

A

Rotational moulding is a process in which a plastic powder is poured into a mould
and then the mould is clamped shut and rotated around two axes while being heated.
The polymer is then cooled which makes it shrink slightly so it can be taken out of the mould.
This creates a hollow product which is usually thicker than a blow moulded product.

25
Q

What is extrusion

A

Extrusion is the process which produces long shapes of a consistent profile.
This is done by a similar process to injection moulding except there is no mould at the end and instead the plastic is pushed through the die onto a conveyor belt.
Extrusion can produce a solid rod, hollow tubes, or I and T sections

26
Q

What is compression moulding

A

Compression moulding is a process in which a blob of hot polymer is placed in a lower mould
and then an upper mould is forced down by a hydraulic press which squeezes the plastic
this forces the plastic to cover the whole mould

27
Q

How are polymers sourced

A

Fractional distillation of crude oil

28
Q

What are pigments

A

Tiny particles mixed into a polymer that gives it a desired colour

29
Q

What are antistatics

A

An additive that reduces static charge by improving surface conductivity and attracting moisture from the surroundings

30
Q

What are flame retardants

A

An additive which reduces the chance of combustion by adding elements such as bromine, chorine or phosphorus

31
Q

What are plasticisers

A

An additive which makes the polymer more stretchy and less brittle and hard

32
Q

What are fillers

A

An additive which provides bulk to a product and also makes the properties better depending on the filler e.g. mineral fillers help increase thermal conductivity

33
Q

What are antioxidants

A

An additive which helps to reduce deterioration of the polymer from oxygen exposure

34
Q

What are UV light stabilisers

A

An additive that prevents polymer chain breakdown from ultra violet light

35
Q

Name five polymer based sheets

A

Foam board
Fluted PP sheet
Translucent PP sheet
Styrofoam
LDPE sheet
Plastazote foam
Cellulose acetate
Polyactide

36
Q

What are acrylic spray paints

A

A fast drying and protective coating to water, UV and weathering

37
Q

What is an overmoulding and give an example

A

Overmoulding is when a second layer of polymer is moulded over specific parts of a product e.g. a toothbrush would have an elastomer overmoulding for the grips

38
Q

What are the two ways of producing an overmoulding and briefly explain

A

Using two injection moulding moulds-one mould is for the main body of the product, then the second mould includes that main body and is for the overmoulding

Twin shot injection moulding-a single mould with separate component cavities is used, first the main body is injected into the first mould cavity, then the mould opens slightly and reorients to the secondary position where the overmould can be injected into the second cavity

A Level-DT (12 decks)

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