Investigating and Testing materials Flashcards
What is a tensile test and briefly explain it
A test to determine the tensile strength of a material
Clamp the material in a vice with an end sticking out, attach a weight on the end that is out of the vice, measure the deflection of the material when the weight is on it
What is a toughness test and briefly explain it
A test to determine the toughness of a material
Clamp the material in a vice with an end sticking out, then hit the material with a hammer with a specific amount of force, then repeat this process with another material and the material that deflects less is tougher
What are the two types of hardness test
Abrasive test and surface indentation test
Explain an abrasive test
Get a material and use a file on it with a constant force and observe how much scratching there has been, the material les scratched is harder
Explain a surface indentation test
Get a material and place a dot punch on top of it, then hit it with a hammer with constant force, then repeat with other materials and the material that shows the smallest diameter circle where the dot punch was will be the hardest
Explain a test for malleability and ductility
Put a piece of material in a vice with one end sticking out, try to bend the material 90 degrees and if there is surface damage on the outside of the bend this indicates a lack of ductility. If there is surface damage on the inside of the bend this indicates a lack of malleability
Explain a test for corrosion
Place multiple materials of the same shape and size outside and allow them to be exposed to outside elements. Visually inspect materials after a specified time and determine which has lasted best-further testing can be done to identify this
Explain a test for thermal conductivity
Get samples of your materials all the same size (and preferably long in length), then get a thermometer and set up a bunsen on the other side to the thermometer, then light the flame and time how long until the heat reaches the side with the thermometer-the shorter this is the better the thermal conductivity
Explain a test for electrical conductivity
Get samples of you material(s) and set up a circuit with a multimeter around the material itself, then run a current through the material and use the multimeter to measure the resistance-the higher the resistance the lower the electrical conductivity
How would a material be tested for tensile strength in an industrial facility
Test piece of material is put in two clamps:one of which is static and the other one is driven away to stretch the material out. As the test piece is stretched, the elastic limit yield point and max load are calculated
How would a material be tested for toughness in an industrial facility
A pendulum with a hammer on it is swung from a fixed height so the force is constant, then after breaking the test piece, the hammer will not go all the way to the maxed height as some energy is used to break it. The difference in the heights is used to determine how much energy the material can absorb
What is non destructive testing and give some examples
Non destructive testing is testing when the material does not get destroyed or damaged
Examples:
Ultrasonic testing
X-ray testing
Electrical conductivity
Thermal conductivity
