Polymerisation

Question 1

Polymerisation

Answer 1

Is the joining up of lots of little molecules called monomers, to form a big molecule called a polymer

Question 2

Addition polymerisation

Answer 2

Is when alkenes add together to form the polymer. Only one product if formed

Question 3

Monomer

Answer 3

A molecule that can combine with others to form a polymer

Question 4

Polymer

Answer 4

A large molecule made up of linking monomers

Question 5

Conditions for polymerisation

Answer 5

Heat
High pressure
An indicator

Question 6

Used of polyethene

Answer 6

Low density- plastic bags

High density- plastic bottles

Question 7

Ethene

Answer 7

Polyethlene

C2H4

Plastic bags and water bottles

Question 8

Propene

Answer 8

Polypropene

C3H5

Packaging, roads, plastic bags

Question 9

Chloroethene

Answer 9

Polychloroethene

C2H3Cl

Glue, plastic sheets, window frames

Question 10

Styrene

Answer 10

Polystyrene

C2H3O

Cups, packaging

Question 11

What happens when we throw away plastics

Answer 11

• landfill: can create lechate which poisons ecosystems
• plastic washes away to sea and is harmful to animals as they digest it and die. Sea pollution affects the food chain. An example of this is the great pacific garbage patch

Question 12

Solutions for problems with ecosystems

Answer 12

When we reducen this doesn’t occur, the plastic is compressed and able to be reused

Question 13

Why is polypropene stronger that polyethene

Answer 13

Because it contains more hydrogen to carbon bonds and it is therefore harder to break down

Question 14

Dynamic equilibria eq

Answer 14

A + 2B ->

Question 15

When a reaction has reached equilibrium

Answer 15

It has reached a state of balance. The overall amount of products and reactants stay constant

Question 16

For a reaction in dynamic equilibrium

Answer 16

The rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate or reversabke reaction

Question 17

Le chatelier’s principle

Answer 17

If you apply a change to an equilibrium the reaction move in the direction to oppose that change

Question 18

Changes in the equilibrium include

Answer 18

• increasing or decreasing the concentrations of substances present
• changing temp
• changing the pressure

Question 19

Forward reaction is endothermic

Answer 19

Temp increasing, moves to the right, yield increases

Temp decreasing, moves to the left, yield decreases

Delta H= positiVe

Question 20

Forward reaction is exothermic

Answer 20

Temp increases, equilibrium moves left, yield decreases

Temp descreases, equilibrium moves to the right, yield increases

Oh= negative

Question 21

Concentration

Answer 21

Increasing the concentration of a reactant leaves equilibrium to the right

Increasing he yield of a product

Decreasing the concentration of a product moves equilibrium to the right

Increasing the yield of the product

Question 22

Pressure

Answer 22

Increasing the pressure favours the side of the least number of gaseous molecules ( C+D)

Decreasing the pressure favours the side with the most gaseous molecules (a+2B)

Question 23

Adding a catalyst…

Answer 23

Speeds up both the forward and the reverse reaction, so has no effect on the yield obtained from the reaction

Question 24

Heating hydrated copper (ll) sulphate

Forward reaction with heating

Answer 24

CuSo4 . 5H20 —-> CuSo4 +5H2

Blue…. white

Question 25

Back reaction of heating copper (ll) sulphate, one adittion with water

Answer 25

CuSo4 + 5H20 —-> CuSo4 . 5H2

White…. blue

Question 26

Reversible reaction heating hydrated copper (ll) sulphate

Answer 26

CuSo4 . 5H20 CuSo4 +5H20

Question 27

Heating ammonium chloride forward reaction with heating

Answer 27

NH4Cl —-> NH3 + HCl

White solid….. ammonia

Question 28

Heating ammonium chloride reversible reaction

Answer 28

NH4Cl — NH3 + HCl

Question 29

Back reaction on addition of H20 hearing ammonium chloride

Answer 29

NH3 + HCl —-> NH4Cl