Bonding Flashcards
Ionic bonding
occurs between metals and non metals
bonding is the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
Don’t conduct as a solid
Positive ions
cations
negative ions
anions
what happens when we form ionic bonds
metals give electrons to non metals so that they both have a full outer shell
the elements in group one of the periodic table are called
alkali metals
the elements in group 7 of the periodic table are called
halogens
when metals react with non metals what happens to them
the metal atoms lose electrons
the non-metal atoms gains electrons
Ions=
particles that have a different number of protons and electrons
ionic solids
they form lattices
they have very strong melting and boiling points
(because the bonds are very strong)
they do not conduct electricity as solids because the ions are in a fixed position in the lattice and cannot move
ionic substances will conduct electricity if you dissolve them in water or melt them- as the ions can move.
how to describe a lattice structure
15 dots
looks like cube
every other is a dif colour
NaCl is an example
non metals on the periodic table
start from under Boron (the first of six on the top line) group three
Covalent substances (simple molecular/covalent)
they have low melting/boiling points below 100
often liquids or gases at room temp
don’t conduct electricty
When you heat up liquid water ( a covalent substance )
it turns to steam
the forces between the molecules are weak and overcome
Covalent substances (giant)
include diamond and graphite. both of these consist of carbon atoms bonded to each other with covalent bonds.
Diamond
each carbon is covalently bonded to four other carbons. It is very strong and has very high melting and boiling points. This is because the bonds between the atoms are so strong. Doesn’t conduct electricity.
Graphite
Each carbon is bonded with covalent bonds to 3 others in hexagons. They form hexagons in layers. These layers can slide over one another, so it has very high melting and boiling points because the covalent bonds are strong.
it does conduct electricity because electrons can flow between the layers
Metallic bonding diagram
long top short middle long bottom
like a sandwich
pluses in cricles, minuses outside them
Metallic bonding
A metal is a regular array of positive ions surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons.
Insoluble in water, react with water.
Because the electrons can move, metals conduct electricity. They have high melting and boiling points.
Metals are..
malleable
this means that they can be hammered to change shape. This is because the cations are in layers in the structure
Sulphate
So4(2-)
Hydroxide
OH-
mono atomic
very low melting and boiling points
does not conduct gases at room temp (bol point less than 25)
What happens when you heat copper
Goes black/ silver
What happens when u heat iron
Gets darker blue
Cuz it oxideises
What happens when you heat sodium chloride
Started spitting
What happens when you heat graphite
No reaction
What happens when u heat sand
Changed colour- light brown
What happens when you heat wax
Melts and then sets on fire with a sooty flame
Mono atomic
Very low melting and boiling points
Don’t conduct gases at room temp (boiling point is less than 25)
Giant covalent
The highest mp/bp
Diamond doesn’t conduct
Graphite does
Insoluble in water
Simple molecular
Low mp/bp (100)
Don not conduct electricity
Liquid at room temp
Groups
Group 1 metals: +1 Groups 2 metals: +2 Group 3 metals :+3 Group 6 metals :-2 Group 7 non- metals :-1
Carbonate
Co3 (2-)
Nitrate
No3 -
Ammonium
NH4 +
