Crude Oil And Co Flashcards
How does crude oil form?
Millions of years ago small animals and plants died and fell to the bottom of the sea. Their remains were covered in mud.
Overtime the mud turned into rock which put pressure on the animals and plants
Rocks around the heated up. So the remains were turned into crude oil from the heat and the pressure.
Crude oil can’t form without…
Oxygen
Crude oil is
A mixture of hydrocarbons
Hyrdrocarbons are
Molecules made up of hydrogen and carbon only
The different fractions of the fractioning column for crude oil and separated using…
Fractional distillation
Order of fractions
Refinery gases Gasoline Kerosene Diesel Fuel oil Bitumen
Order of numbers (temperatures)
40 150 200 300 370 400
Refinery gases
Bottled gas
Camping gas
Gasoline
Fuel for cars
Kerosene
Fuel for planes
Diesel
Fuel for vans and lorries
Fuel oil
Fuel for ships
Heating systems
Bitumen
Tar on roads
Fractional distillation of crude oil
Crude oil is heated and pumped into the fractioning column. The vapours rise up the column. As it gets cooler, the different fractions condense and can be tapped off. The different fractions have different boiling points
Top of column cold
Low bp Small molecules Burns with clean flame High volatility (easy to light) Low viscosity (thin) Light in colour
Bottom of column (hot)
High bp Large molecules Burns with sooty flame Low volatility (hard to light) High viscosity (thick) Dark in colour
Order of Alkanes
Methane Ethane Propane Butane Pentane
Order of boiling point
-162
-89
-42
0
36
General formula for Alkane
CnH2n + 2
Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated?
Saturated
Alkanes are part of a…
Homologous series
Alkanes have the same
Chemical properties but a trend in physical properties
As the number of carbon atoms increases…
The boiling point increases. Large molecules come out of the bottom of the column, small molecules come out of the top of the column
Alkanes will burn…
In oxygen to five carbon dioxide and water
Combustion
Combustion
Methane + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water
CH4 + 02 –> Co2 + 2H20
In combustion what happens
Allanes will burn in oxygen to give carbon dioxide and water
The carbon dioxide will turn the limewater cloudy
The water turns cobalt chloride paper from blue to pink
Combustion equations
Ethane/propane + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water
If there is a lack of oxygen, what occurs?
Incomplete combustion
In incomplete combustion…
Carbon can form Carbon monoxide (co) forms This is a colourless odourless and toxic gas It binds irreversibly with haemoglobin in Red blood cells so oxygen can't get into the body- can result in death.
Problems with combustion
Soulful dioxide (so2) and nitrous oxide (Nox) can form. This causes acid rain
Sulfur dioxide reacts with water to form
Sulforous acid
Problems caused by acid rain
Damages fish/ waterways
Erosion of limestone buildings/statues
Acidifies soil
Alkenes are….
Hydrocarbons which have a carbon- carbon double bond.
They are another homologous series
They are unsaturated
More reaffirmed than Alkanes
CnH2n
The fractional distillation of crude oil produces
A large amount of long- chain hydrocarbons (such as kerosene)
Why do you do catalytic cracking
Because we need more of the shorter chain hydrocarbons and this also produced an Alkanes such as ethane
Catalytic cracking formula
C8H18—> c6h14+c2h4
Octane—> hexane+ethene
In catalytic cracking what happens
The gas (ethane) is collected by upward displacement. It can be tested with Bromine water (brown–> colourless
Carbons bond
4 times
Hydrogens bond
1 time
