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Chemsitry > Crude Oil And Co > Flashcards

Crude Oil And Co Flashcards

1
Q

How does crude oil form?

A

Millions of years ago small animals and plants died and fell to the bottom of the sea. Their remains were covered in mud.

Overtime the mud turned into rock which put pressure on the animals and plants

Rocks around the heated up. So the remains were turned into crude oil from the heat and the pressure.

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2
Q

Crude oil can’t form without…

A

Oxygen

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3
Q

Crude oil is

A

A mixture of hydrocarbons

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4
Q

Hyrdrocarbons are

A

Molecules made up of hydrogen and carbon only

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5
Q

The different fractions of the fractioning column for crude oil and separated using…

A

Fractional distillation

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6
Q

Order of fractions

A 
Refinery gases 
Gasoline 
Kerosene 
Diesel
Fuel oil 
Bitumen
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7
Q

Order of numbers (temperatures)

A 
40
150
200
300
370
400
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8
Q

Refinery gases

A

Bottled gas

Camping gas

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9
Q

Gasoline

A

Fuel for cars

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10
Q

Kerosene

A

Fuel for planes

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11
Q

Diesel

A

Fuel for vans and lorries

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12
Q

Fuel oil

A

Fuel for ships

Heating systems

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13
Q

Bitumen

A

Tar on roads

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14
Q

Fractional distillation of crude oil

A

Crude oil is heated and pumped into the fractioning column. The vapours rise up the column. As it gets cooler, the different fractions condense and can be tapped off. The different fractions have different boiling points

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15
Q

Top of column cold

A 
Low bp
Small molecules 
Burns with clean flame 
High volatility (easy to light)
Low viscosity (thin)
Light in colour
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16
Q

Bottom of column (hot)

A 
High bp
Large molecules
Burns with sooty flame 
Low volatility (hard to light)
High viscosity (thick)
Dark in colour
17
Q

Order of Alkanes

A 
Methane 
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
18
Q

Order of boiling point

A

-162
-89
-42
0
36

19
Q

General formula for Alkane

A

CnH2n + 2

20
Q

Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated?

A

Saturated

21
Q

Alkanes are part of a…

A

Homologous series

22
Q

Alkanes have the same

A

Chemical properties but a trend in physical properties

23
Q

As the number of carbon atoms increases…

A

The boiling point increases. Large molecules come out of the bottom of the column, small molecules come out of the top of the column

24
Q

Alkanes will burn…

A

In oxygen to five carbon dioxide and water

Combustion

25
Q

Combustion

A

Methane + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water

CH4 + 02 –> Co2 + 2H20

26
Q

In combustion what happens

A

Allanes will burn in oxygen to give carbon dioxide and water

The carbon dioxide will turn the limewater cloudy

The water turns cobalt chloride paper from blue to pink

27
Q

Combustion equations

A

Ethane/propane + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water

28
Q

If there is a lack of oxygen, what occurs?

A

Incomplete combustion

29
Q

In incomplete combustion…

A 
Carbon can form 
Carbon monoxide (co) forms 
This is a colourless odourless and toxic gas 
It binds irreversibly with haemoglobin in Red blood cells so oxygen can't get into the body- can result in death.
30
Q

Problems with combustion

A

Soulful dioxide (so2) and nitrous oxide (Nox) can form. This causes acid rain

31
Q

Sulfur dioxide reacts with water to form

A

Sulforous acid

32
Q

Problems caused by acid rain

A

Damages fish/ waterways
Erosion of limestone buildings/statues
Acidifies soil

33
Q

Alkenes are….

A

Hydrocarbons which have a carbon- carbon double bond.

They are another homologous series

They are unsaturated

More reaffirmed than Alkanes

CnH2n

34
Q

The fractional distillation of crude oil produces

A

A large amount of long- chain hydrocarbons (such as kerosene)

35
Q

Why do you do catalytic cracking

A

Because we need more of the shorter chain hydrocarbons and this also produced an Alkanes such as ethane

36
Q

Catalytic cracking formula

A

C8H18—> c6h14+c2h4

Octane—> hexane+ethene

37
Q

In catalytic cracking what happens

A

The gas (ethane) is collected by upward displacement. It can be tested with Bromine water (brown–> colourless

38
Q

Carbons bond

A

4 times

39
Q

Hydrogens bond

A

1 time

Chemsitry (8 decks)

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