Crude Oil And Co

Question 1

How does crude oil form?

Answer 1

Millions of years ago small animals and plants died and fell to the bottom of the sea. Their remains were covered in mud.

Overtime the mud turned into rock which put pressure on the animals and plants

Rocks around the heated up. So the remains were turned into crude oil from the heat and the pressure.

Question 2

Crude oil can’t form without…

Answer 2

Oxygen

Question 3

Crude oil is

Answer 3

A mixture of hydrocarbons

Question 4

Hyrdrocarbons are

Answer 4

Molecules made up of hydrogen and carbon only

Question 5

The different fractions of the fractioning column for crude oil and separated using…

Answer 5

Fractional distillation

Question 6

Order of fractions

Answer 6

Refinery gases 
Gasoline 
Kerosene 
Diesel
Fuel oil 
Bitumen

Question 7

Order of numbers (temperatures)

Answer 7

40
150
200
300
370
400

Question 8

Refinery gases

Answer 8

Bottled gas

Camping gas

Question 9

Gasoline

Answer 9

Fuel for cars

Question 10

Kerosene

Answer 10

Fuel for planes

Question 11

Diesel

Answer 11

Fuel for vans and lorries

Question 12

Fuel oil

Answer 12

Fuel for ships

Heating systems

Question 13

Bitumen

Answer 13

Tar on roads

Question 14

Fractional distillation of crude oil

Answer 14

Crude oil is heated and pumped into the fractioning column. The vapours rise up the column. As it gets cooler, the different fractions condense and can be tapped off. The different fractions have different boiling points

Question 15

Top of column cold

Answer 15

Low bp
Small molecules 
Burns with clean flame 
High volatility (easy to light)
Low viscosity (thin)
Light in colour

Question 16

Bottom of column (hot)

Answer 16

High bp
Large molecules
Burns with sooty flame 
Low volatility (hard to light)
High viscosity (thick)
Dark in colour

Question 17

Order of Alkanes

Answer 17

Methane 
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane

Question 18

Order of boiling point

Answer 18

-162
-89
-42
0
36

Question 19

General formula for Alkane

Answer 19

CnH2n + 2

Question 20

Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated?

Answer 20

Saturated

Question 21

Alkanes are part of a…

Answer 21

Homologous series

Question 22

Alkanes have the same

Answer 22

Chemical properties but a trend in physical properties

Question 23

As the number of carbon atoms increases…

Answer 23

The boiling point increases. Large molecules come out of the bottom of the column, small molecules come out of the top of the column

Question 24

Alkanes will burn…

Answer 24

In oxygen to five carbon dioxide and water

Combustion

Question 25

Combustion

Answer 25

Methane + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water CH4 + 02 --> Co2 + 2H20

Question 26

In combustion what happens

Answer 26

Allanes will burn in oxygen to give carbon dioxide and water The carbon dioxide will turn the limewater cloudy The water turns cobalt chloride paper from blue to pink

Question 27

Combustion equations

Answer 27

Ethane/propane + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water

Question 28

If there is a lack of oxygen, what occurs?

Answer 28

Incomplete combustion

Question 29

In incomplete combustion...

Answer 29

``` Carbon can form Carbon monoxide (co) forms This is a colourless odourless and toxic gas It binds irreversibly with haemoglobin in Red blood cells so oxygen can't get into the body- can result in death. ```

Question 30

Problems with combustion

Answer 30

Soulful dioxide (so2) and nitrous oxide (Nox) can form. This causes acid rain

Question 31

Sulfur dioxide reacts with water to form

Answer 31

Sulforous acid

Question 32

Problems caused by acid rain

Answer 32

Damages fish/ waterways *Erosion of limestone buildings/statues* Acidifies soil

Question 33

Alkenes are....

Answer 33

Hydrocarbons which have a carbon- carbon double bond. They are another homologous series They are unsaturated More reaffirmed than Alkanes CnH2n

Question 34

The fractional distillation of crude oil produces

Answer 34

A large amount of long- chain hydrocarbons (such as kerosene)

Question 35

Why do you do catalytic cracking

Answer 35

Because we need more of the shorter chain hydrocarbons and this also produced an Alkanes such as ethane

Question 36

Catalytic cracking formula

Answer 36

C8H18---> c6h14+c2h4 Octane---> hexane+ethene

Question 37

In catalytic cracking what happens

Answer 37

The gas (ethane) is collected by upward displacement. It can be tested with Bromine water (brown--> colourless

Question 38

Carbons bond

Answer 38

4 times

Question 39

Hydrogens bond

Answer 39

1 time