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Chemsitry > Electrolosis > Flashcards

Electrolosis Flashcards

1
Q

Cation

A

Positive ion

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2
Q

Cathode

A

Negative electrode

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3
Q

Anion

A

Negative ion

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4
Q

Anode

A

Positive electrode

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5
Q

Ion

A

Charged atom or molecule

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6
Q

Electrolysis

A

Breakdown of a compound using electricity

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7
Q

Compound

A

Two or more elements chemically bonded together in a fixed ratio

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8
Q

Reduction

A

Gain in electrons

Losing oxygen

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9
Q

Oxidation

A

Loss of electrons

Adding oxygen

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10
Q

Electrolyte

A

Compound undergoing electrolysis that conducts electricity

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11
Q

Process of electrolysis

A

The process of electrolysis is where you pass electricity through a substance to spilt it into simpler species. To do this, an ionic solid must be melted so that the ions can move and conduct electricity.

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12
Q

Panic

A

Positive in anode

Negative is cathode

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13
Q

What is redox

A

When oxidation and reduction happen at the same time

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14
Q

OIL RIG

A

Oxidation is loss of electrons

Reduction is gain of electrons

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15
Q

Lead (lll) Bromide

A

PbBr2

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16
Q

Hydroxide

A

OH-

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17
Q

Carbonate

A

2-

Co3

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18
Q

Sulfate

A

2-

So4

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19
Q

Nitrate

A

-

No3

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20
Q

Ammonium

A

-

NH4

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21
Q

In the electrolysis of lead ll bromide, what happens at the anode?

A

Br- ions go to the anode, they lose electrons (oxidised) they join up and form Bromine, (Br2)

2Br- goes to Br2+2e-

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22
Q

During the electrolysis of lead ll Bromide, what happens at cathode?

A

Pb2+ ions go to the cathode. They gain electrons (reduced) lead forms.

Pb2+ -2e- goes to Pb

23
Q

Sodium chloride

A

Chorine- product at anode

Sodium- product at cathode

24
Q

How to extract metal with charcoal

A

1- put one spatula of copper oxide into a crucible

2- add one spatula or charcoal (don’t mix)

3- put lid on and hear strongly for at least 5 mins

4- allow to cool

25
Q

The reaction of metal with charcoal

A

Copper oxide + carbon –heat> copper + carbon dioxide.

2Cuo+ C(s) –> 2Cu(s) + Co2(g)

In this reaction carbon is more reactive than copper and so it takes the oxygen away from the copper oxide.

Copper oxide loses oxygen- reduced
Carbon gains oxygen- oxidised

26
Q

Iron ore

A

Fe2O3 haematite

27
Q

Calcium carbonate

A

CaCo3

28
Q

What things go into a blast furnace

A

Iron ore (fe203 heamatite) coke carbon and limestone (calcium carbonate CaCo3

29
Q

Steel lined

A

With heat resistant brick

30
Q

The blast furnace is used to extract

A

Iron from iron ore

31
Q

Why is carbon used to extract

A

Because it is more reactive than iron and takes the oxygen away

32
Q

Exothermic, main source of heat in he blast furnace

A

Carbon+oxygen –> Carbon Dioxide

33
Q

Main reducing agent in blast furnace

A

Carbon dioxide + carbon –> carbon monoxide (2Co)

34
Q

Iron (lll) oxide is then reduced to from iron the word equation for this is as follows:

A

Iron (lll) oxide + Carbon Dioxide –> iron + Carbon dioxide

35
Q

Molten iron

A

2Fe (l)

36
Q

Limestone decomposes to form

A

Calcium oxide, this then reacts with the main impurity which is silicon dioxide (SiO2) this forms calcium silicate

37
Q

Calcium silicate

A

CaSiO3

38
Q

Slag floats…

A

On top of the iron and can be used in road making

CaCo3–> Cao+Co2

Cao+SiO2–>CaSiO3

39
Q

What metals are useful but rust

A

Iron and steel

40
Q

Rust forms in the presence of

A

Oxygen and water

41
Q

What speeds up the rusting process

A

Salt

42
Q

Electric current

A

a flow of electrons of ions

43
Q

how to prevent rust

A

paint- creates a barrier so that water and oxygen can’t get to the iron

oil (e.g. bike chain)

Galvanizing- coat the iron in zinc. the zinc reacts with oxygen to form a protective layer of zinc oxide.

44
Q

Aluminium’s ore

A

Bauxite

45
Q

What happens in aluminium extraction

A

The aluminium oxide= Al2O3

Once melted, the jobs are: Al3+ and O2-

46
Q

What happens in aluminium extraction at the Cathode

A

Al3+ ions go to the cathode. They gain electrons and aluminium forms. This is reduction

47
Q

What happens in aluminium extraction at the cathode eq

A

Al3+ + 3e- ——> Al

48
Q

What happens in aluminium extraction at the anode

A

O2- ions go to the anode. They lose electrons and oxygen forms, this is oxidation

49
Q

What happens in aluminium extraction at the anode eq

A

2O2- ——> O2 + 4e-

The oxygen reacts with carbon anodes to make C02

C + 02 ——-> C02

50
Q

What’s irons ore

A

Haemotite

51
Q

What’s an ore

A

An oxidised metal- a metal in the earth combined with oxygen

52
Q

The aluminium extraction at the anode…

A

This wears away the abodes so they need replacing regularly. EXPENSIVE!!! Electiricy is also expensive

53
Q

the third blast furnace equation

A

fe203 + 3Co–> 2fe + 3CO2

Chemsitry (8 decks)

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