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Chemsitry > Acids And Alkanes > Flashcards

Acids And Alkanes Flashcards

1
Q

What are acids?

A

Substances which produce hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water

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2
Q

Hydrochloric acid

A

HCl

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3
Q

What is a base

A

A base is a substance which accepts hydrogen ions (protons, H+) All alkalis are bases

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4
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A soluble base which produces hydroxide (OH - ) ions when it dissolves in water

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5
Q

Sodium hydroxide

A

NaOH

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6
Q

Ammonia

A

NH3

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7
Q

Sodium carbonate

A

Na2CO3

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8
Q

Sodium hydrogen carbonate

A

NaHCO3

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9
Q

Neutralisation

A

Happens when hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions react to produce water.

H+ + OH- —-> H2O

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10
Q

Hydrochloric acid is neautralised by…

A

Sodium hydroxide solution. Sodium chloride is produced.

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11
Q

PH scale

A

1 is highly acidic red
14 is highly alkanie purple
7 is neutral in green

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12
Q

Litmus

A

Red in acid

Blue in alkali

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13
Q

Methyl orange

A

Red in acid

Yellow in alkali

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14
Q

Phenolphthalein

A

Colourless in acid

Pink in alkali

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15
Q

Sulphuric acid

A

H2SO4

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16
Q

Nitric acid

A

HN03

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17
Q

Universal indicator is used to

A

Measure the approximate PH value of a solution. Red us acidic, green in neutral and purple is alkaline.

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18
Q

A neutralisation reactions always produces

A

Water because it invokes the reaction of H+ ions and OH- ions

H+ + OH- —> H20

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19
Q

Metal + oxygen

A

Metal + oxygen —-> metal oxide

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20
Q

Acid + metal

A

Acid + metal —> salt + hydrogen

If it’s a reactive metal then is it is a displacement or redox reaction

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21
Q

Acid + base

A

Acid + base —-> salt + water

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22
Q

Acid + carbonate

A

Acid + carbonate —> salt + water + carbon dioxide

23
Q

Hydrocarbon + oxygen

A

Hydrogencarbon + oxygen —–> carbon dioxide + water (complete combustion)

24
Q

Hydrochloric acid

A

HCL

Salt : chloride

25
Q

Nitric acid

A

HNO3

Salt: nitrate

26
Q

Sulphuric acid

A

H2SO4

Salt: sulphate

27
Q

Carbonic acid

A

H2CO3

Salt: carbonate

28
Q

Phosphoric acid

A

H3PO4

Salt: phosphate

29
Q

Sodium hydroxide

A

NaOH

30
Q

Potassium hydroxide

A

KOH

31
Q

Ammonia

A

NH3

32
Q

Base

A

Metal oxide or hydroxide

33
Q

Solubility ( in water) rules salt

A

Common sodium, potassium and ammonium salts are soluble

34
Q

Solubility ( in water) rules nitrates

A

All nitrates are soluble

35
Q

Solubility ( in water) rules chlorides

A

All chlorides are soluble except silver chloride

36
Q

Solubility ( in water) rules sulfates

A

All sulfatos are soluble except those of barium and calcium

37
Q

Solubility ( in water) rules carbonates

A

All carbonated are insoluble except those of sodium, potassium and ammonium

38
Q

What method is used if it isn’t soluble?

A

Use the precipitation method.

39
Q

What method do you use if it is soluble but. It doesn’t contain potassium or ammonium or sodium salt?

A

React an acid with an excess of solid metal

40
Q

What method do you use if it is soluble but. It does contain potassium or ammonium or sodium salt?

A

Use titration method: react and acid with a solution of sodium or potassium hydroxide or carbonate (or use ammonia solution)

41
Q

Precipitation

A

Used to make insoluble salts

1) mix two soluble salts - one contains the metal, one contains the non metal
2) filtered off the desired insoluble salt
3) wash the salt with distilled water to remove un reactive starting material
4) dry in a chemical oven

42
Q

What is a precipitate

A

An insoluble salt

43
Q

Titration can be used to

A

Work out how much acid is needed to reach with potassium hydroxide. Sodium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide (alkali solutions) to make a soluble salt by a neutralisating an alkali.

An indicator such as methyl orange is used in the first titration to find out when a neutral solution is obtained (shown by colour change) and determine the ph

The point at which the indicator shows a neutral solution is called the end point

44
Q

How do you tell the difference between HCL AND HCL

A

Hydrochloric acid will have the state simple (aq) whereas the gas will have (g)

45
Q

State symbol rules

A

Anything that is in a solution is aq

Precipitate is a solid

Water is a liquid

Bubbles/steam is gas

46
Q

Hydrochloric acid gives

A

Chloride salts

47
Q

Sulfúrico acid gives

A

Sulfur

48
Q

Nitric acid gives

A

Nitrate

49
Q

Metal oxides are

A

Bases

50
Q

Acid + metal odxide

A

Salt + water

51
Q

Acid + metal carbonate

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

52
Q

Reactive metal

A

A metal above hydrogen in the reactivity series

53
Q

titration steps

A

using a pipette and a pipette filler add some alkali to a conical flask along with two or three drops of indicator

fill a burette with the acid, add the acid to the alkali a bit at a time, giving the conical flask a regular swirl

the indicator changes colour, when the alkali has been neutralised

record the volume of acid used to neutralise the alkali and repeat

Chemsitry (8 decks)

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