Acids And Alkanes

Question 1

What are acids?

Answer 1

Substances which produce hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water

Question 2

Hydrochloric acid

Answer 2

HCl

Question 3

What is a base

Answer 3

A base is a substance which accepts hydrogen ions (protons, H+) All alkalis are bases

Question 4

What is an alkali?

Answer 4

A soluble base which produces hydroxide (OH - ) ions when it dissolves in water

Question 5

Sodium hydroxide

Answer 5

NaOH

Question 6

Ammonia

Answer 6

NH3

Question 7

Sodium carbonate

Answer 7

Na2CO3

Question 8

Sodium hydrogen carbonate

Answer 8

NaHCO3

Question 9

Neutralisation

Answer 9

Happens when hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions react to produce water.

H+ + OH- —-> H2O

Question 10

Hydrochloric acid is neautralised by…

Answer 10

Sodium hydroxide solution. Sodium chloride is produced.

Question 11

PH scale

Answer 11

1 is highly acidic red
14 is highly alkanie purple
7 is neutral in green

Question 12

Litmus

Answer 12

Red in acid

Blue in alkali

Question 13

Methyl orange

Answer 13

Red in acid

Yellow in alkali

Question 14

Phenolphthalein

Answer 14

Colourless in acid

Pink in alkali

Question 15

Sulphuric acid

Answer 15

H2SO4

Question 16

Nitric acid

Answer 16

HN03

Question 17

Universal indicator is used to

Answer 17

Measure the approximate PH value of a solution. Red us acidic, green in neutral and purple is alkaline.

Question 18

A neutralisation reactions always produces

Answer 18

Water because it invokes the reaction of H+ ions and OH- ions

H+ + OH- —> H20

Question 19

Metal + oxygen

Answer 19

Metal + oxygen —-> metal oxide

Question 20

Acid + metal

Answer 20

Acid + metal —> salt + hydrogen

If it’s a reactive metal then is it is a displacement or redox reaction

Question 21

Acid + base

Answer 21

Acid + base —-> salt + water

Question 22

Acid + carbonate

Answer 22

Acid + carbonate —> salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 23

Hydrocarbon + oxygen

Answer 23

Hydrogencarbon + oxygen —–> carbon dioxide + water (complete combustion)

Question 24

Hydrochloric acid

Answer 24

HCL

Salt : chloride

Question 25

Nitric acid

Answer 25

HNO3 Salt: nitrate

Question 26

Sulphuric acid

Answer 26

H2SO4 | Salt: sulphate

Question 27

Carbonic acid

Answer 27

H2CO3 Salt: carbonate

Question 28

Phosphoric acid

Answer 28

H3PO4 Salt: phosphate

Question 29

Sodium hydroxide

Answer 29

NaOH

Question 30

Potassium hydroxide

Answer 30

KOH

Question 31

Ammonia

Answer 31

NH3

Question 32

Base

Answer 32

Metal oxide or hydroxide

Question 33

Solubility ( in water) rules salt

Answer 33

Common sodium, potassium and ammonium salts are soluble

Question 34

Solubility ( in water) rules nitrates

Answer 34

All nitrates are soluble

Question 35

Solubility ( in water) rules chlorides

Answer 35

All chlorides are soluble except silver chloride

Question 36

Solubility ( in water) rules sulfates

Answer 36

All sulfatos are soluble except those of barium and calcium

Question 37

Solubility ( in water) rules carbonates

Answer 37

All carbonated are insoluble except those of sodium, potassium and ammonium

Question 38

What method is used if it isn't soluble?

Answer 38

Use the precipitation method.

Question 39

What method do you use if it is soluble but. It doesn't contain potassium or ammonium or sodium salt?

Answer 39

React an acid with an excess of solid metal

Question 40

What method do you use if it is soluble but. It does contain potassium or ammonium or sodium salt?

Answer 40

Use titration method: react and acid with a solution of sodium or potassium hydroxide or carbonate (or use ammonia solution)

Question 41

Precipitation

Answer 41

Used to make insoluble salts 1) mix two soluble salts - one contains the metal, one contains the non metal 2) filtered off the desired insoluble salt 3) wash the salt with distilled water to remove un reactive starting material 4) dry in a chemical oven

Question 42

What is a precipitate

Answer 42

An insoluble salt

Question 43

Titration can be used to

Answer 43

Work out how much acid is needed to reach with potassium hydroxide. Sodium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide (alkali solutions) to make a soluble salt by a neutralisating an alkali. An indicator such as methyl orange is used in the first titration to find out when a neutral solution is obtained (shown by colour change) and determine the ph The point at which the indicator shows a neutral solution is called the end point

Question 44

How do you tell the difference between HCL AND HCL

Answer 44

Hydrochloric acid will have the state simple (aq) whereas the gas will have (g)

Question 45

State symbol rules

Answer 45

Anything that is in a solution is aq Precipitate is a solid Water is a liquid Bubbles/steam is gas

Question 46

Hydrochloric acid gives

Answer 46

Chloride salts

Question 47

Sulfúrico acid gives

Answer 47

Sulfur

Question 48

Nitric acid gives

Answer 48

Nitrate

Question 49

Metal oxides are

Answer 49

Bases

Question 50

Acid + metal odxide

Answer 50

Salt + water

Question 51

Acid + metal carbonate

Answer 51

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 52

Reactive metal

Answer 52

A metal above hydrogen in the reactivity series

Question 53

titration steps

Answer 53

using a pipette and a pipette filler add some alkali to a conical flask along with two or three drops of indicator fill a burette with the acid, add the acid to the alkali a bit at a time, giving the conical flask a regular swirl the indicator changes colour, when the alkali has been neutralised record the volume of acid used to neutralise the alkali and repeat