POLITICS - Comparative theories Flashcards
what is the rational theory
a focus on individuals. Individuals will act selfishly to protect their best interests and will evaluate options and pick the one that has the best outcome for them
how can you identify the rational theory
the keyword is selfish. If you can explain the actions of individuals in a political system because they have been selfish, this is rational. For example, citizens might argue for better protection of rights as their rights have been infringed, rather than for the common good
what is the cultural theory
a focus on group and shared ideologies. Groups act to protect and advance a common ideology. Therefore, outcomes can be explained by groups acting together. Cultural norms or expectations might guide the outcomes of a political system and the individuals within it
how can you identify the cultural theory
The keyword is shared. If you can explain a political outcome (similarities and differences) because it was expected, or because a group acted with a shared ideology, this is cultural. A good example of this is the difference between the US and UK constitutions
what is the structural theory
The key to understanding structural theory is to focus on the institutions and processes. Outcomes can be explained by looking at the processes that had to be followed with institutions of power. These institutions and processes are the best explanation of political action and outcome
how can you identify the structural theory
the keyword here is institutions. If you can explain political outcomes because of the processes in place, this is structural. An example but be MP’s loyalty to their party compared to congressmen’s loyalty to their state.
