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BUSINESS > Operational Objectives > Flashcards

Operational Objectives Flashcards

1
Q

What is job production

A

production of one-off items by skilled workers

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2
Q

what is flow production

A

mass production on a continuous production line with division of labour

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3
Q

what is batch production

A

production of small batches of identical items

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4
Q

what is cell production

A

production divided into sets of tasks, each set completed by a workgroup

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5
Q

what is lean production

A

streamlined production with waste at a minimum

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6
Q

what are the ways to increase labour productivity

A

improving motivation
training
new technology

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7
Q

What is Kanban

A

the just in time system of triggering repeat orders. When workers reach coloured kanban cards they order more straight away

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8
Q

what are the benefits of JIT

A

reduced storage cost
improved cash flow
less waste
flexible to cope with changes in demand

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9
Q

what are the disadvantages of JIT

A

customer cant be supplied during a strike

relies on reliant suppliers

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10
Q

what is quality control

A

checking goods as you make them or when they arrive from suppliers to see if anything is wrong with them

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11
Q

what is quality assurance

A

introducing measures into the production process to try to ensure things don’t go wrong in the first place

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12
Q

what is Total Quality Management

A

where the whole workforce is committed to the quality improvements

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13
Q

What are quality circles

A

a way of improving quality where individuals meet at regular intervals to discuss quality control issues

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14
Q

what is kaizen

A

a lean production method of small steps of continuous improvement

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15
Q

what does a budget do

A

forecasts future earnings and future spending

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16
Q

what do income budgets do

A

forecast the amount of money that will come into the company as revenue

17
Q

what do expenditure budgets do

A

predict what the business’s total costs will be for the year

18
Q

what is a profit budget

A

income budget - expenditure budget

19
Q

what are historical budgets

A

budgets based on previous budgets (quick and simple)

20
Q

what are zero-based budgets

A

budgets that had been started from scratch

21
Q

what is soft HRM

A

where employees are the most important resource and are motivated through empowerment and development

22
Q

what is hard HRM

A

where employees are simply seen as resources, where employees are motivated by money

23
Q

what human resource data is there

A

labour productivity, labour cost per unit, employee cost as % of turnover, labour turnover and labour retention

24
Q

what are the benefits of a high staff turnover

A

a constant stream of new ideas

use of natural wastage if sales fall

25
Q

what are the disadvantages of a high staff turnover

A

lack of loyal and experienced staff
loss of trained staff
training is expensive

26
Q

advantages of centralisation

A

leaders are experienced
managers aren’t biased to one department
it’s fast

27
Q

advantages of decentralisation

A

motivation
employees are experts of their own sector
day-to-day decision quick

28
Q

disadvantages of centralisation

A

excluding employees is demotivating

slow reaction to change allowing competitors to gain an advantage

29
Q

disadvantages of decentralisation

A

junior employees may not be experienced enough

inconsistencies may develop between divisions

30
Q

what are the levels of Maslow’s hierarchy

A

physiological, safety, social, self-esteem, self-actualisation

31
Q

what are Herzberg’s hygiene factors

A

company policy, supervision, working conditions, pay and relations

32
Q

what are Herzberg’s motivating factors

A

interesting work, personal achievement, recognition of achievement and scope for more responsibility

33
Q

what are the three job characteristics in Hackman and Oldham

A

skill variety, task identity and task significance
autonomy
feedback

34
Q

what are the three impacts of characteristics in Hackman and Oldham

A

Makes work more meaningful for the workers
workers have more responsibility
workers know how well they are performing and aim to improve

35
Q

what are the three effects on the workers in Hackman and Oldham

A

Motivation is improved, workers feel involved, quality of work is improved, workers are more satisfied with work and more committed to business

36
Q

what is a piece rate

A

where workers are paid per unit produced

37
Q

what are salary schemes

A

workers are paid according to a given time period

38
Q

what is commission

A

workers are paid a bonus on top of their salary

39
Q

what is performance-related pay

A

workers are paid based on their performance

BUSINESS (25 decks)

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