Operational Objectives

Question 1

What is job production

Answer 1

production of one-off items by skilled workers

Question 2

what is flow production

Answer 2

mass production on a continuous production line with division of labour

Question 3

what is batch production

Answer 3

production of small batches of identical items

Question 4

what is cell production

Answer 4

production divided into sets of tasks, each set completed by a workgroup

Question 5

what is lean production

Answer 5

streamlined production with waste at a minimum

Question 6

what are the ways to increase labour productivity

Answer 6

improving motivation
training
new technology

Question 7

What is Kanban

Answer 7

the just in time system of triggering repeat orders. When workers reach coloured kanban cards they order more straight away

Question 8

what are the benefits of JIT

Answer 8

reduced storage cost
improved cash flow
less waste
flexible to cope with changes in demand

Question 9

what are the disadvantages of JIT

Answer 9

customer cant be supplied during a strike

relies on reliant suppliers

Question 10

what is quality control

Answer 10

checking goods as you make them or when they arrive from suppliers to see if anything is wrong with them

Question 11

what is quality assurance

Answer 11

introducing measures into the production process to try to ensure things don’t go wrong in the first place

Question 12

what is Total Quality Management

Answer 12

where the whole workforce is committed to the quality improvements

Question 13

What are quality circles

Answer 13

a way of improving quality where individuals meet at regular intervals to discuss quality control issues

Question 14

what is kaizen

Answer 14

a lean production method of small steps of continuous improvement

Question 15

what does a budget do

Answer 15

forecasts future earnings and future spending

Question 16

what do income budgets do

Answer 16

forecast the amount of money that will come into the company as revenue

Question 17

what do expenditure budgets do

Answer 17

predict what the business’s total costs will be for the year

Question 18

what is a profit budget

Answer 18

income budget - expenditure budget

Question 19

what are historical budgets

Answer 19

budgets based on previous budgets (quick and simple)

Question 20

what are zero-based budgets

Answer 20

budgets that had been started from scratch

Question 21

what is soft HRM

Answer 21

where employees are the most important resource and are motivated through empowerment and development

Question 22

what is hard HRM

Answer 22

where employees are simply seen as resources, where employees are motivated by money

Question 23

what human resource data is there

Answer 23

labour productivity, labour cost per unit, employee cost as % of turnover, labour turnover and labour retention

Question 24

what are the benefits of a high staff turnover

Answer 24

a constant stream of new ideas

use of natural wastage if sales fall

Question 25

what are the disadvantages of a high staff turnover

Answer 25

lack of loyal and experienced staff loss of trained staff training is expensive

Question 26

advantages of centralisation

Answer 26

leaders are experienced managers aren't biased to one department it's fast

Question 27

advantages of decentralisation

Answer 27

motivation employees are experts of their own sector day-to-day decision quick

Question 28

disadvantages of centralisation

Answer 28

excluding employees is demotivating | slow reaction to change allowing competitors to gain an advantage

Question 29

disadvantages of decentralisation

Answer 29

junior employees may not be experienced enough | inconsistencies may develop between divisions

Question 30

what are the levels of Maslow's hierarchy

Answer 30

physiological, safety, social, self-esteem, self-actualisation

Question 31

what are Herzberg's hygiene factors

Answer 31

company policy, supervision, working conditions, pay and relations

Question 32

what are Herzberg's motivating factors

Answer 32

interesting work, personal achievement, recognition of achievement and scope for more responsibility

Question 33

what are the three job characteristics in Hackman and Oldham

Answer 33

skill variety, task identity and task significance autonomy feedback

Question 34

what are the three impacts of characteristics in Hackman and Oldham

Answer 34

Makes work more meaningful for the workers workers have more responsibility workers know how well they are performing and aim to improve

Question 35

what are the three effects on the workers in Hackman and Oldham

Answer 35

Motivation is improved, workers feel involved, quality of work is improved, workers are more satisfied with work and more committed to business

Question 36

what is a piece rate

Answer 36

where workers are paid per unit produced

Question 37

what are salary schemes

Answer 37

workers are paid according to a given time period

Question 38

what is commission

Answer 38

workers are paid a bonus on top of their salary

Question 39

what is performance-related pay

Answer 39

workers are paid based on their performance