Political Development In Ireland Flashcards
Nationalist
Home rule -to govern Irelands local affaires, uk controls trade and foreign affairs
Catholics -were mainly
Without considering Ireland- pass laws
John redmond-led Home Rule Party had 80MPs
Irish Republic Brotherhood:beginning
Thomas Clarke and Seán McDermott- leaders
Oath-to fight for Irish Republic
Small support- couldn’t stage rebellion
Unionists
Most Protestants were unionists mainly north east Ulster
Didn’t want home rule
“Home Rule is Rome Rule”
Edward Carson and James Craig
Cultural movement
Thought Ireland should have their own government
Ireland has different culture than Britain despite anglication
Irish language declined because of emigration
They encouraged Irish culture
Claim rights to rule themselves
GAA
Set up in 1884 by Michael Cusack in Thurles
To encourage playing GAA, hurling and organise competitions
1st democratic organization and most successful cultural movement
1st All-Ireland in 1887
Gaelic League
In 1893 by Eoin MacNeill and Douglas Hyde Promote Irish languages Set up Irish speaking newspaper Timiri taught Irish Encouraged Irish dance and music
Irish Republican Brotherhood:progress
Extreme nationalists to end British influence
Used violence
Irish government = Irish culture preserved
Attracted Patrick Pearse + Thomas MacDonagh
Home Rule members ->IRB memebers
Act of Union
United kingdom-Scotland, Wales and Ireland was a part of the Uk
West minister parliament-countries were ruled by
105MPs and viceroy - ireland has that amount
King George V - head of state
Home Rule crisis
Two parties Conservatives vs Liberals
Herbert Asquith wanted to increase taxes but the House of Lords rejected the bill using the veto
Asquith wanted to get rid of the veto but needed support from John Redmond and Home Rule Party
John agreed and the Parliament was passed 1911(meant no veto)
The Conservatives
A.K.A Tories led by Andrew Bonar (hehe) Law were against nationalist and supported unionists dominated House of Lords LIKE A BOSS if hone rule bill was passed by house of commons it woukd be rejected by the House of Lords
The Liberals
Led by Herbert Asquith was lukewarm about Home Rule but thought it would split the Liberal party he a secure amount in the house of commons and didn’t need Home Rule Party’s support
Veto
The right for the house of lords to reject a bills by the hosue of commons
Parliament Act 1911
This law meant that the House of Lords could reject the bill twice but the third time had to be law
Unionists reaction to the pass of Home Rule
Unionists were disappointed
The leaders organised demonstrations against Home Rule
The most famous was Solemn League and Covenant 1912
Ulster Volunteer Force
Was set up to prevent Home Rule in Ireland
UVF were willing to use force and train to keep Ireland as part of the UK
Had 100,000 members in 1914, imported guns and ammo from Larne Co.Antrim
Irish Volunteers
A violence group set up by Eoin MacNeill to prevent the UVF from Britain backing down on Home Rule
There were secret IRB members in the Irish Volunteers to influence others to fight for a Republic Ireland not just Home Rule
Imported guns from Howth 1914
Partiton
Since there was a threat of a civil war Asquith persuaded Carson and Redmond to talk and to agree on partition the problem was they couldn’t agree on which counties would be ruled by unionists, Carson wanted six all and Redmond wanted four counties but they were all a Unionist majority
The Ulster Violence Force
The UVF was set up to prevent Home Rule
UVF were willing to use force to keep Ireland a part of the UK
100,000 memberships in 1914 UVF imported guns through Larne Co.Antrim
Nationalists Reaction to Home Rule
A fear that the unionists and UVF would force the British Government to stop Home Rule
Made the Irish Volunteers by Eoin MacNeil in 1913
Problem was some members were a part of the IRA
Wanted to use the Volunteers to gain a Republic
Imported guns through Howth
1916 Rising Background info
1914 WWI broke out in Europe and Home Rule was postponed
Unionists in the UVF joined the army to show their loyalty
Nationalists were encouraged by Redmond to fight in the war. He hoped this would secure Home Rule after the war
Background info on 1916: Nationalist Split
170,000 men agreed to go fight in the war. Became National Volunteers
11,000 men ked by Eoin MacNeil refused to go to war kept the name Irish Volunteers
1916 Background info : Englands difficulty is Irelands opportunity’
Britain was dealing with the war on the Western Front. IRB seen this as an opportunity
They would use this time to stage a rising in Ireland
The Military Council was setup in 1915 to stage the rising
1916 Background info: Germany
Rodger Casement, another member of the Military Council, went to Germany in search of weapons
The rising was planned for April 23rd, Germany agreed to send weapons
When they arrived at the coast if Kerry the ship was captured by the British navy
1916 Background info:Misleading MacNeil
The IRB had little support
Some of their members had leading positions in the Irish Volunteers in hope of influencing them to become Repbulic
Joseph Plunket forged the Castle Document stating the Government would arrest leaders of the Volunteers
Eoin prepared them to resist
1916 Background info:Setbacks
MacNeil noticed the Castle Document was forged
He cancelled his plan for resisting on Easter Sunday
It was published in the Sunday newspaper
The 1916 Rising
However the leaders decided to go ahead with the rebellion on Easter Monday.
Blood Sacrifice would influence the fight for independence
24th April the Irish Citizen Army and Irish Volunteers seized key buildings around Dublin (Four Courts, Bolands Mills and College for Surgeons)
Failed to secure Dublin Castle
The GPO
The headquarters of the rebellion was located at the GPO
Pearse read the Proclamation of the Irish Relublic which was signed by members of the Military Council
Easter Week
Monday - Key buildings are seized by the Irish, failed to take Dublin Castle
Tuesday - The British were taken by surprise but managed to have 6,000 men in Dublin by Tuesday
Wednesday - The gun ship Helga arrives up the River Liffey and attacked Liberty Hall and GPO via Trinity College
Friday - Pearse orders the evacuation of the GPO (fire) they move to Moore Street
Saturday - Pearse orders the Volunteers to surrender, the Rebllion was over
