Farming In The Iron Age Flashcards
Describe the Celts.
They are tall, long haired and fair haired people.
When did the celts come to Ireland?
500 BC
What do the Celts like to do with their hair?
They like to bleach it.
Where do most families farmers live?
Raths, crannogs, hillforts, promontory forts
What is a rath?
A fort and a ditch made of soil and earth surrounded it, most fort raths were made of timber but if a fort was made of sto e was called cashels
What other feature is there to this rath?
A souterrain which is used to store food and escape from attack.
What do the celts wear?
Wollen trousers and linen leine
What do the celts eat?
Meat, butter, milk, chesse, porridge, bread.
How do the celts get meat?
By hunting
Who gets the best food.
The ri and his warriors get the best food.
Where do celts from the iron age get their land
From the ri’s warrior’s.
Who is the ri?
He is a rich nobleman.
What do farmers grow?
Wheat, barley, oats, onion, beans and turnips.
What do the farmers keep to domesticate?
Cattle, sheep and pigs.
When do the farmers use the animals?
They use it for food for special occasion.
What do the farmers use for entertainment?
They play baire, listen to stories from the bards and files
Who is the main god?
The main god is the Dagda god of afterlife and the goddess of death bodgh.
Name two religious festivals?
Bealtaine is for goddess bel for healthy cattle and Lughnasa they pray Lugh for good harvest.
What do the farmers do when someone dies.
They cremate the person, bury the ashes and is organised by the druids.
What are the other traditions do the farmers do in a funeral?
They put the corpses weapons and belongings in the ground and mark the grave stone in ogham.
What was a quern stone?
To make flour
What do the celts hunt?
Wild deer and boar
How does the class system work in the iron age?
Nobles, commoner and slaves
Why do celtic farmers bring the cattle, sheep and pigs in raths at night?
To keep them safe from thieves and wild animals
Why is cattle so important?
It was the official currency in the iron age
What is the tuath?
The land and the people ruled by king
What was the derbhfine?
The royal family
What did the greeks call the celts?
Keltoi
What did the romans call the celts?
Gauls
Who was plato and what did ne call the celts?
They were warlike people who drank too much, plato was a philosipher
Why were the craftspeople sooooo important
They make spades, sickles and ploughs
What did the romans and greeks think of the celts
They thought they were inferior and uncivilised
When did christianity come to ireland?
In the fifth century
What were the laws to govern the society
The brehon laws
What was a crannog?
They were manmade islands they had timber stakes in a circle, inside the circle were layers of stone mud and twigs until it was higher than the lake level, houses would be put on it
What was a hillfort
They were like raths but bigger and were on a hill
What do archaeologists think hillforts used for?
For important ceremonies like religious festivals or markets
Name two examples of a hill fort
Emain Macha (Armagh) Tara (Meath)
What are promontory fort?
Forts built on clifftops found mainly in the west and south coast
What did women wear in the iron age?
Ankle length linen tunics
What did the celts wear in the winter?
Woolen cloaks
Describe what rich people would wear?
They would wear bright clothes and were richly embroidered
What was make up made of in the iron age
Herbs and berries
What jewellery did the celts wear?
Earrings, gold torcs, collars and bracelets
What did the poor people wear?
Long, plain wool tunics
What did the celts wash their hair with?
Lime wash
