Poliomyelitis

Question 1

Definition

Answer 1

Polio is a highly contagious picornavirus that affects the central nervous system and can cause temporary or permanent paralysis.

Question 2

transmission

Answer 2

• droplet
• faecal-oral

Question 3

Signs

Answer 3

• Prodrome for 48hr
• Pre-paralytic stage: increased temperature, increased pulse, headache, vomitting, neck stiffness and unilateral tremor
• in 50% of the cases this progresses to a paralytic stage: myalgia, LMN signs _ respiratory failure. No sensory signs

Question 4

Investigations

Answer 4

• CSF: WCC increased, polymorphs then lymphocytes, otherwise normal
• throat swabs and stool culture identify the cirus

Question 5

Treatment

Answer 5

No cure so focus is symptomatic relief:

• Antibitoics - to prevent infections in weakened muscles
• Analgesias - for pain
• moderate exercise and good nutrution
• Long term rehabilitation- occupational therapy, physical therapy, braces, corrective shoes and in some orthopedic surgery
• Portable ventilatiors- requried to support breathing