HIV

Question 1

Process of HIV infection

Answer 1

1. HIV binds, va its GP120 envelope glycoprotein to CD4 receptors on helper T-lymphocytes, monocytes and macro
2. HIV viron and CD4 cell membrane fusion with help of co-receptors CCR5 and CXCR4
3. Virus releases 2 viral, RNA steroids, and 3 enzymes (reverse transcriptase, integrase and protease)
4. Reverse transcriptase begins synthesis of double stranded DNA copy from the single stranded viral RNA generating pro-viral DNA
5. integrase- integrates into host DNA
6. RNA polymerase transcribes viral DNA into mRNA, mRNA leaves the nucleus and is translated into polypeptides
7. core viral proteins are broken down by protease into building blocks of virus
8. Extrusion- forms core structure, acquires a lipid coat from the host and is shed by buddnigas can infecious viral particle

Question 2

Types

Answer 2

HIV-1 - common world wide, chimpanzee

HIV-2 - west africa

Question 3

Modes of transmission

Answer 3

1. sexual intercours
2. IV drug abuse with shared needles
3. Blood and blood products
4. Maternal fetal transmission (also breast feeding)