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CR10320 > Policing the community > Flashcards

Policing the community Flashcards

1
Q

what is the beat system of policing?

A

getting policemen back on the streets

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2
Q

how did the beat system come about?

A

from damage to the golden era

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3
Q

the beat system bought about what kinds of changes?

A

introduction of cars

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4
Q

what positives came from introducing cars?

A

faster
higher visibility
more control
increased geographical distance

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5
Q

what cons came from the introduction of cars?

A

decreased contact between public and police

decreased visibility of police officers

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6
Q

who is John Alderson

A

father of community policing

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7
Q

what was john alderson’s aim?

A

return bobbies to the beat to increase interaction between police and members of the community

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8
Q

how did Alderson help with the youth crime issue?

A

went out and spoke to mothers of problem children and discussed ways to address the issue. the locak police officers put on a playgroup for youths, crime deceased which shows the police and communities working together. Communities across Britain got a leasance officer which worked with communities/

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9
Q

who is John Anderton?

A

associated with aggressive, reactive style of policing

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10
Q

why was there a shift into community policing?

A

because of the riots and strikes, it was seen as being able to solve the confidence in the police issue

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11
Q

what is the scarman reports?

A

reviewed the brixton riots and concluded the cause was loss of confidence in the police and breakdown in police-community relations. This loss of confidence came from hard policing, racial prejudice and police harassment.

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12
Q

?????

A

COMMUNITY POLICING STRESSES WITH AND FOR THE COMMUNITY RATHER THAN OF THE COMMUNITY.

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13
Q

what is compliance>

A

getting people to obey

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14
Q

Compliance varies from what to what

A

coercion to consent

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15
Q

what is coercion?

A

they made me do it

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16
Q

what is tradition?

A

i do it because thats what people do

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17
Q

what is apathy?

A

im different, so i do it

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18
Q

what is pragmatic acquescence

A

may as well do it

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19
Q

what is instrumental acceptance

A

benefits outweigh the consequences

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20
Q

what is normative agreement

A

ought to do it

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21
Q

what is ideal normative agreement

A

because i want to do it i do it

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22
Q

what are the 7 stages of compliance

A 
coercion
tradition
apathy
pragmatic acquiescence
instrumental acceptance
normative agreement 
ideal normative agreement
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23
Q

what is legitimacy

A

a psychological property of an authority institution or social arrangement that leads those connected to it to believe that is it an appropriate, proper and just

24
Q

what are the 3 measures of legitimacy

A

individuals perceive that police officers act in morally valid ways
individuals believe that the police abide by the rules ad procedures intended to govern their behaviour
individuals voluntarily offer their consent to police activity

25
what are the 3 measures of legitimacy known as?
normative legitimacy
26
what is imperical legitimacy
whether you trust the police is based on actual behaviour/experience with the police
27
what is the procedural justice theory
that the legitimacy of the police is linked to public judgements about the fairness of the processes through which the police make decisions and exercise authority
28
what is meant by processes are more important that the outcomes of the police
the way police interact with you is far more important that the outcome
29
what is 6 criticisms of community policing?
``` who decides what a community is? who is included/excluded? difficult to implement difficult to evaluate impact value pluralism officers don't like it (too soft) ```
30
what is value pluralism
two ideologies/beliefs in one community. Police have to try and engage with both
31
what is problem orientated policing?
changing role as law officer to problem solver | addressing underlying problems of crime
32
what are the 3 key elements of problem orientated policing
problem not crime problem requires long term solutions problems often complex
33
what system do police use to carry out problem orientated policing
SARA
34
what does SARA stand for
scanning analysis response assessment
35
SARA | Scanning
identifying problems, talking to members of the community
36
SARA | Analysis
studying information about offenders and victims to understand what's going on
37
SARA | Response
``` implement strategies Either innovate (think of new ideas) or adapting (previous solutions) ```
38
SARA | Assessment
evaluate effectiveness
39
problem orientated policing in practise | VIRGINIA
found crime hotspot in run down flats applied SARA redeveloped flats to drive away undesired attributes 40% reduction in robberies of nearby businesses 35% reduction in burglaries
40
problem orientated policing in practise | OPERATION CEASEFIRE
aim was to find ways of getting youths away from gangs and hence gun crime took youths away with guns and social service targeted those part of the gangs who hadn't been taken away for possession 63% reduction in youth homocides
41
what are 2 problems with problem orientated policing
whos initiating it? not the police-so who? | gives lots of discretion to officers-could be doing nothing and pretending to be
42
what is neighbourhood polcing
combines community and problem orientated policing | emphasis on visibility, reducing fear of crime and interaction
43
what kind of policing do the police do now
neighbourhood policing
44
what is a signal crime?
any criminal incident that causes change in the public's behaviour and beliefs about their security e.g. fear
45
what is a signal disorder
an act that breaches situational conventions of social order and signifies the presence of other risks
46
what is broken windows theory
where there are high levels of crime, it shows low levels of control. It signals to other communities and criminals that they can commit crimes here
47
what 3 things can the police do to tackle broken windows theory
arrest someone fix the place be physically present
48
what is zero tolerance policing
stopping whoever whenever possible to 'check' if they have any crimes with them. Aim is to stop the smaller crimes to hopefully stop the larger crimes
49
what happened during the zero tolerance policing stage
the new york miracle
50
what was the new york miracle
when people would get stopped and searched in the aim to stop bigger crimes. From 2000-2002 there was a 600% increase in stop and search
51
what are the 3 principles of stop and search
nip things in the bud- how antisocial people that they are not in charge control is shown even against trivial crimes- control reduce petty crimes
52
what are the 4 components of zero tolerance policing
the collection of accurate information effective tactics rapid deployment follow up and assessment
53
what are the 2 criticisms of zero tolerance policing
focused mainly on high crime neighbourhoods | 'get tough' measures can be damaging to communites
54
what is predictive polcing
the idea that crime happens in certain places, at certain times with certain people. Collecting and analysing data in order to maximise efficiency of policing
55
what are 2 criticisms of predictive policing
some fields were given PrePol (technology to predict real-time crimes) and hence may have acted differently to decrease crimes cops stopped following the programme shortly after it started
56
do any of these policing measures work?
a bad experience with police is 4-14 times greater to stay in someones mind than a positive one

CR10320 (16 decks)

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