Policing the community Flashcards
what is the beat system of policing?
getting policemen back on the streets
how did the beat system come about?
from damage to the golden era
the beat system bought about what kinds of changes?
introduction of cars
what positives came from introducing cars?
faster
higher visibility
more control
increased geographical distance
what cons came from the introduction of cars?
decreased contact between public and police
decreased visibility of police officers
who is John Alderson
father of community policing
what was john alderson’s aim?
return bobbies to the beat to increase interaction between police and members of the community
how did Alderson help with the youth crime issue?
went out and spoke to mothers of problem children and discussed ways to address the issue. the locak police officers put on a playgroup for youths, crime deceased which shows the police and communities working together. Communities across Britain got a leasance officer which worked with communities/
who is John Anderton?
associated with aggressive, reactive style of policing
why was there a shift into community policing?
because of the riots and strikes, it was seen as being able to solve the confidence in the police issue
what is the scarman reports?
reviewed the brixton riots and concluded the cause was loss of confidence in the police and breakdown in police-community relations. This loss of confidence came from hard policing, racial prejudice and police harassment.
?????
COMMUNITY POLICING STRESSES WITH AND FOR THE COMMUNITY RATHER THAN OF THE COMMUNITY.
what is compliance>
getting people to obey
Compliance varies from what to what
coercion to consent
what is coercion?
they made me do it
what is tradition?
i do it because thats what people do
what is apathy?
im different, so i do it
what is pragmatic acquescence
may as well do it
what is instrumental acceptance
benefits outweigh the consequences
what is normative agreement
ought to do it
what is ideal normative agreement
because i want to do it i do it
what are the 7 stages of compliance
coercion tradition apathy pragmatic acquiescence instrumental acceptance normative agreement ideal normative agreement
what is legitimacy
a psychological property of an authority institution or social arrangement that leads those connected to it to believe that is it an appropriate, proper and just
what are the 3 measures of legitimacy
individuals perceive that police officers act in morally valid ways
individuals believe that the police abide by the rules ad procedures intended to govern their behaviour
individuals voluntarily offer their consent to police activity
what are the 3 measures of legitimacy known as?
normative legitimacy
what is imperical legitimacy
whether you trust the police is based on actual behaviour/experience with the police
what is the procedural justice theory
that the legitimacy of the police is linked to public judgements about the fairness of the processes through which the police make decisions and exercise authority
what is meant by processes are more important that the outcomes of the police
the way police interact with you is far more important that the outcome
what is 6 criticisms of community policing?
who decides what a community is? who is included/excluded? difficult to implement difficult to evaluate impact value pluralism officers don't like it (too soft)
what is value pluralism
two ideologies/beliefs in one community. Police have to try and engage with both
what is problem orientated policing?
changing role as law officer to problem solver
addressing underlying problems of crime
what are the 3 key elements of problem orientated policing
problem not crime
problem requires long term solutions
problems often complex
what system do police use to carry out problem orientated policing
SARA
what does SARA stand for
scanning
analysis
response
assessment
SARA
Scanning
identifying problems, talking to members of the community
SARA
Analysis
studying information about offenders and victims to understand what’s going on
SARA
Response
implement strategies Either innovate (think of new ideas) or adapting (previous solutions)
SARA
Assessment
evaluate effectiveness
problem orientated policing in practise
VIRGINIA
found crime hotspot in run down flats
applied SARA
redeveloped flats to drive away undesired attributes
40% reduction in robberies of nearby businesses
35% reduction in burglaries
problem orientated policing in practise
OPERATION CEASEFIRE
aim was to find ways of getting youths away from gangs and hence gun crime
took youths away with guns and social service targeted those part of the gangs who hadn’t been taken away for possession
63% reduction in youth homocides
what are 2 problems with problem orientated policing
whos initiating it? not the police-so who?
gives lots of discretion to officers-could be doing nothing and pretending to be
what is neighbourhood polcing
combines community and problem orientated policing
emphasis on visibility, reducing fear of crime and interaction
what kind of policing do the police do now
neighbourhood policing
what is a signal crime?
any criminal incident that causes change in the public’s behaviour and beliefs about their security e.g. fear
what is a signal disorder
an act that breaches situational conventions of social order and signifies the presence of other risks
what is broken windows theory
where there are high levels of crime, it shows low levels of control. It signals to other communities and criminals that they can commit crimes here
what 3 things can the police do to tackle broken windows theory
arrest someone
fix the place
be physically present
what is zero tolerance policing
stopping whoever whenever possible to ‘check’ if they have any crimes with them. Aim is to stop the smaller crimes to hopefully stop the larger crimes
what happened during the zero tolerance policing stage
the new york miracle
what was the new york miracle
when people would get stopped and searched in the aim to stop bigger crimes. From 2000-2002 there was a 600% increase in stop and search
what are the 3 principles of stop and search
nip things in the bud- how antisocial people that they are not in charge
control is shown even against trivial crimes- control
reduce petty crimes
what are the 4 components of zero tolerance policing
the collection of accurate information
effective tactics
rapid deployment
follow up and assessment
what are the 2 criticisms of zero tolerance policing
focused mainly on high crime neighbourhoods
‘get tough’ measures can be damaging to communites
what is predictive polcing
the idea that crime happens in certain places, at certain times with certain people.
Collecting and analysing data in order to maximise efficiency of policing
what are 2 criticisms of predictive policing
some fields were given PrePol (technology to predict real-time crimes) and hence may have acted differently to decrease crimes
cops stopped following the programme shortly after it started
do any of these policing measures work?
a bad experience with police is 4-14 times greater to stay in someones mind than a positive one
