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BIOL2020 (cell biology) > polarity > Flashcards

polarity Flashcards

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1
Q

what polarity do epithelial cells have?

A

apical-basal polarity resulting from distribution of components

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2
Q

what does apico-basal polarity depend on?

A

action of par complex, crumbs complex, and scribble complex (all are mutually inhibitory)

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3
Q

what “locks” the asymmetry in place?

A

tight junctions (cadherins) which acts as fences against transmembrane diffusion

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4
Q

what is the main effector of apical identity?

A

aPKC (phosphorylates junctional and lateral polatiy factors)

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5
Q

what does the phosphorylation of Lgl inhibit?

A

its association with other proteins in the complex (aPKC inactivates Lgl)

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6
Q

what is Baz/Par-3?

A

scaffold for cadherins (propagate polarity in an epithelial to keep all cells polarized equally)

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7
Q

what does crumbs complex do?

A

it is the only transmembrane protein and links aPKC to membrane

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8
Q

what does loss of apicobasal polarity do?

A

overproliferation and metastasis

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9
Q

what is the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)?

A

process where epithelial cells lose their polarity and adhesion, and gain migratory and invasive properties

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10
Q

what are tumour cells?

A

mutated genes that lead to uncontrollable proliferation

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11
Q

what happens to scribble complex mutants?

A

they overprofilferate

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12
Q

what was the first tumour suprpesor gene?

A

lethal giant larvae

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13
Q

what is an imaginal disc?

A

sac epithelial structure in insect larva that overprofilerate (form tumours) without AP polarity

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14
Q

what is PCP?

A

planar cell polarity - the coordinated polarisation of cells within plane of tissue

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15
Q

what controls hari oreintation?

A

planar cell polarity

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16
Q

what is PCP controlled by?

A

core pathway and Ds-Ft pathway

17
Q

what happens to PCP mutants?

A

disorganzied cell strucutres (trichomes)

18
Q

what is the core pathway?

A

has six proteins that form asymmetrically localized intercellular complexes

19
Q

how do the core proteins self-organize?

A

into mutually antagonistic sides

20
Q

what do actin-binding proteins do?

A

restrict formation of actin-rich trichome to one side

21
Q

what does the Ft-Ds pathway do?

A

aligns entire tissue

22
Q

what is the Ft-Ds pathway?

A

are atypical cadherins (heterophilic complexes)

23
Q

what drives asymmetric localization of Ft and Ds?

A

expression gradient of Fj (phosphorylates extracellular cadherin repeats) and Ds (modifies binding affinities)

24
Q

what drives asymmetric cellular localization of core proteins?

A

usually a global cue

BIOL2020 (cell biology) (24 decks)

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