ECM Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the ECM?

A

extracellular matrix - non cellular component in all tissues and organs - directly bears mechanical stresses

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2
Q

what proteins make the ECM?

A

proteoglycans, fibrous proteins, glycoproteins

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3
Q

what are glycosaminoglycans?

A

unbranched polysaccharide chains (disaccharide units)

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4
Q

what is hyaluronan?

A

simplest GAGs, made from cell surface by enzyme embedded in plasma membrane

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5
Q

what must proteoglycans have?

A

one of the sugar side chain must be a GAG

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6
Q

what do glycosaminoglycans do?

A

absorb lots of water and swell

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7
Q

what is collagen?

A

a fibrous protein, have fibrils that form strucutres that resist stretching forces

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8
Q

what is the collagen molecule?

A

long and stuff triple-stranded helical structure

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9
Q

what type fo proteins are many matrix glycoproteins?

A

large scaffold proteins

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10
Q

what do glycoproteins have?

A

multiple domains that crosslink matric molecules and cell receptors

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11
Q

what is an example of a glycoprotein?

A

fibronectin (dimer joined by disulfide bonds)

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12
Q

what is laminin?

A

large glycoprotein composed of three chains (links ECM to cell surface receptors)

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13
Q

what are integrins?

A

transmembrane heterodimers that connect ECM to the cytoplasm

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14
Q

what does the ECM provide the cell?

A

essential physical scaffolding

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15
Q

how are inegrins activated?

A

from the outside (binding to ECM substrate) or inside (binding to talin)

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16
Q

what happens to epithelia without integrins?

A

it detaches form basal lamina

17
Q

what are focal adhesions?

A

large macromolecular assemblies that form mechanical links between intracellular actin bundles and ECM

18
Q

what are the main components of focal adhesion?

A

talin and vinculin

19
Q

what is talin?

A

elastic scaffold protein and tension sensor at cell-matrix junctions (essential for focal adhesion)

20
Q

what binding sites does talin have?

A

many for vinculin (most are hidden but exposed when unfolded)

21
Q

what is vinculin?

A

actin-regulatory protein that stabalizes talin, actin filaments, and integrins

22
Q

what are myotendinous junctions?

A

similar to focal adhesions but stronger and permanent