glycolysis Flashcards
what is the difference between anabolic and catabolic?
anabolic - making molecules (endergonic - requiring energy)
catabolic - breaking molecules (exergonic - releasing energy)
what is oxidation and reduction?
oxidation - removing electrons
reduction - adding electrons
what are coenzymes?
organics that bind to enzymes
what is the role of NAD and FAD
accept electrons during breakdown of organics (reduction) to become NADH and FADH2 (which donate electrons to other reactions)
why is glucose important?
its oxidation is highly exergonic and many polysaccharides break into glucose
what is glycolysis?
metabolic pathway that oxidizes glucose into (2) pyruvate molecules - split into three phases
what is phase one of glycolysis?
preparation and cleavage - six carbon glucose molecule is phosphorylated twice by ATP and split into two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)
what is phase two of glycolysis?
oxidation and ATP generation - each G3P is oxidized into 3-phosphoglycerate, creating one ATP and one NADH each
what is phase three of glycolysis?
pyruvate formation and ATP generation - each 3-phosphoglycerate is converted into pyruvate, creating one more ATP each
how many steps are there in glycolysis?
ten
what is the chemical reaction formula of glycolysis?
glucose -> 2 pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 ATP
what are the three monosaccharides that disaccharides can be broken into?
glucose, galactose, and fructose
what happens to fructose and galactose in glycolysis?
they are converted into glycolysis intermediates
what role does pyruvate have in metabolism?
it is the branchpoint between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism (if high [O2], PHD takes pyruvate, if low [O2], LDH makes lactate
where does glycolysis take place?
in the cytoplasm of the cell
