macromolecules

Question 1

what are lipids?

Answer 1

high molecular weight molecules that are soluble in non-polar solvents

Question 2

what are polysaccharides?

Answer 2

long polymers of sugar

Question 3

what are proteins?

Answer 3

large biomolecules/macromolecules that compromise one or more long chains of amino acids

Question 4

what are nucleic acids?

Answer 4

DNA and RNA

Question 5

what are fatty acids?

Answer 5

carboxylic acid with aliphatic chain - unsaturated or saturated

Question 6

what are triglycerides?

Answer 6

one glycerol and three fatty acids

Question 7

what are phospholipids?

Answer 7

glycerol with two fatty acids and a phosphate group - hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail

Question 8

what are steroids and terpenes?

Answer 8

lipids with aromatic rings

Question 9

what is the definition of amphipathic?

Answer 9

having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts

Question 10

what is the main part of the cell membrane?

Answer 10

two layers of oppositely oriented phospholipid molecules (heads out tails in)

Question 11

what are polysaccharides made of?

Answer 11

have long chain polymeric carbohydrates with monosaccharide units bound with glycosidic bonds

Question 12

what are disaccharides?

Answer 12

two monosaccharides joined with a glycosdic bond

Question 13

what are two examples of disaccharides?

Answer 13

maltose and lactose

Question 14

what do polysaccharides used for?

Answer 14

storage or structure

Question 15

what is cellulose?

Answer 15

structural polysaccharides in cell wall of green plants

Question 16

what is chitin?

Answer 16

long-chain polymer of N-acetylglucosamine - used in insect exoskeleton

Question 17

what is an amino acid?

Answer 17

organic molecule with amino group and carboxyl group, 20 different ones that combine to create proteins

Question 18

how are amino acids bound?

Answer 18

with peptide bonds

Question 19

what are the levels of protein structure?

Answer 19

primary (sequence of amino acids)
secondary (regions stabilized by H bonds between backbone)
tertiary (overall shape of polypeptide)
quaternary (multiple full polypeptides joined together)

Question 20

what are two types of secondary protein structure?

Answer 20

alpha helices and beta strands

Question 21

what are nucleic acids made of?

Answer 21

monomers called nucleotides

Question 22

what are nucleotides composed of?

Answer 22

a nitrogenous base, a five carbon sugar, and a phosphate group

Question 23

what are the two types of nitrogenous bases?

Answer 23

pyrimidines and purines?

Question 24

what is DNA made up of?

Answer 24

cytosine, thymine, adenine, gaunine

Question 25

what is RNA made of?

Answer 25

cytosine, uracil, adenine, guanine

Question 26

which bases are pyrimidines?

Answer 26

cytosine, thymine, and uracil

Question 27

how are nucleotides bound together?

Answer 27

phosphodiester bonds

Question 28

what are the two ends of a DNA chain?

Answer 28

5’ (phosphate) and 3’ (sugar)

Question 29

what is transcription?

Answer 29

RNA polymerase uses DNA as template to create pre-mRNA (transcript)

Question 30

what is translation?

Answer 30

a ribosome builds the protein molecule (polypeptide) from mature mRNA