Poisonous Plants

Question 1

Target system of cyanide

Answer 1

Blood –> bright red blood and hypoxia

Question 2

Name target system: Johnson grass (Sorghum)

Answer 2

Blood –> cyanide

Question 3

Name target system: Chokecherry

Answer 3

Blood –> cyanide

Question 4

Name target system: Vetch

Answer 4

Blood –> cyanide

Question 5

Name target system: Hydrangea

Answer 5

Blood –> cyanide

Question 6

Target system of nitrate

Answer 6

Blood –> diminished oxygen carrying capacity

Question 7

Name target system: Pigweed

Answer 7

Blood –> nitrate

Question 8

Name target system: Nightshade

Answer 8

Blood –> nitrate
GI
Neuro

Question 9

Name target system: Oat hay

Answer 9

Blood –> nitrate

Question 10

Name target system: Sorghum

Answer 10

Blood –> nitrate

Question 11

Name target system: Rye

Answer 11

Blood –> nitrate

Question 12

Name target system: Alfalfa

Answer 12

Blood –> nitrate

Question 13

Name target system: Oleander

Answer 13

Cardiac

Question 14

Name target system: Foxglove

Answer 14

Cardiac

Question 15

Name target system: Lily-of-the-valley

Answer 15

Cardiac

Question 16

Name target system: Yew

Answer 16

Cardiac

Question 17

Name target system: Azalea (Rhododendron)

Answer 17

Cardiac

Question 18

Name target system: St. John’s wort

Answer 18

Skin (primary photosensitization)

Question 19

Name target system: Brassica spp

Answer 19

Liver (secondary photosensitization)

Question 20

Name target system: Groundsel (Senecio spp)

Answer 20

Liver (secondary photosensitization)

Question 21

Name target system: Crotalaria spp

Answer 21

Liver (secondary photosensitization)

Question 22

Name target system: Amsinckia intermedia

Answer 22

Liver (secondary photosensitization)

Question 23

Name target system: blue-green algae

Answer 23

Liver (secondary photosensitization)

Question 24

Name target system: Poison hemlock

Answer 24

Neuro

Question 25

Name target system: Lupine

Answer 25

Neuro –> sheep
Teratogen (cattle) –> crooked calf syndrome

Question 26

Name target system: Larkspur

Answer 26

Neuro –> nicotinic antagonist; neuromuscular blocker
Can have bloat

Question 27

Name target system: Bracken Fern

Answer 27

Neuro –> thiaminase leading to polioencephalomalacia
Bone marrow suppression (ruminant)
Carcinogen (ruminant)

Question 28

Name target system: Black Walnut

Answer 28

Laminitis in horse

Question 29

Name target system: Castor bean

Answer 29

Many signs –> v/d, muscle spasm, uremia, death, sweating + ataxia (horse), organ edema and damage

Question 30

Name target system: Cottonseed

Answer 30

Cardiotoxic (young animals) –> gossypol
Poor performance in adults

Question 31

Name target system: Dumbcane

Answer 31

Mouth/head area: ptyalism, edematous swelling of tongue and lips, difficulty swallowing or breathing

Question 32

Name target system: Locoweed

Answer 32

Many signs –> ataxia, hyperemtria, cracker heels (clicking of dewclaws), cp deficits, emphysema (sheep), abortions, teratogenesis

Question 33

Name target system: Waterhemlock

Answer 33

Neuromuscular –> tetanic seizures, muscle twitching, salivation, coma, death

Question 34

Name target system: Yellow Star Thistle

Answer 34

Neuro –> nigropallidal encephalomalacia aka
Chewing disease in horses

Question 35

Name target system: Perilla mint

Answer 35

Pulmonary –> pulmonary edema and pleural effusion, nasal discharge

Question 36

Name target system: Western False Hellebore (Veratrum californium)

Answer 36

Teratogen in sheep
Day 14 = cyclops

Question 37

Name target system: White snakeroot

Answer 37

Horse: cardiac –> myocardial necrosis and CHF
Cattle: neuromuscular –> ataxia, depression, muscle tremor, acetone breath

Question 38

Name target system: Red maple

Answer 38

Blood –> RBC lysis in horse

Question 39

Name target system: Ponderosa pine

Answer 39

Repro –> abortion of small calf and retained placenta