Equine

Question 1

Strangles agent

Answer 1

Streptococcus equi; gram-positive bacteria that is not normal flora

Question 2

Age strangles tends to involve

Answer 2

Tend to be young (2-5 years old)

Question 3

Clinical signs of strangles

Answer 3

Lymphadenopathy, fever, inappetence, lethargy, serous to mucopurulent nasal discharge

Question 4

What lymph nodes does strangles affect?

Answer 4

Intermandibular lymph nodes and retropharyngeal lymph nodes

Bastard strangles - internal lymph nodes

Question 5

(T/F): You should treat a strangles case with current abscesses with penicillin

Answer 5

False - should only treat with penicillin before abscesses occurs or if exposed

Question 6

Complications of strangles (4)

Answer 6

1. Internal abscessation –> bastard strangles
2. Purpura hemorrhagica –> vasculitis that results in pitting edema of limbs and head, petechiation
3. Guttural pouch EMPYEMA –> serves as chronic carriers
4. Septicemia/encephalitis

Question 7

West Nile Virus Clinical Signs

Answer 7

Depressed mental state, ataxia, weakness, muscle fasciculations (especially muzzle), fever, recumbency

Question 8

Togavirus Encephalitis (EEE, WEE, VEE) Clinical Signs

Answer 8

Fever, anorexia, depression, somnolence (sleeping sickness) to hyperesthesia, cp deficits, recumbency, cerebral/cranial nerve signs (head pressing, propulsive walking, circling, head tilt)

Question 9

Structures the palmar digital block desensitizes

Answer 9

Caudal region of foot, coffin joint except proximodorsal region

Question 10

Structures the abaxial sesamoid block desensitizes

Answer 10

Proximal P1 and below (pastern and coffin joint, partial fetlock)

Question 11

Structures Low 4-Point block desensitizes

Answer 11

The fetlock joint (metacarpophalangeal) joint and below

Question 12

Structures High 4-Point block desensitizes

Answer 12

Proximal metacarpal region and below

Question 13

3 things that need to happen for neonatal isoerythrolysis to occur

Answer 13

1. Neonatal RBC antigen inherited from sire that mare doesn’t express
2. Mare doesn’t express neonatal RBC antigen but has developed maternal antibodies to the specific neonatal RBC antigen
3. Neonatal ingestion of colostrum

Question 14

Type of immune reaction of neonatal isoerythrolysis

Answer 14

Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction

Question 15

Why do you never give a horse Vitamin K?

Answer 15

Nephrotoxic

Question 16

What do you give a horse with warfarin toxicosis?

Answer 16

Plasma

Question 17

What does an auriculopalpebral block do?

Answer 17

Block motor to the orbicularis oculi

Question 18

Most common valvular regurgitation of older horses?

Answer 18

Aortic regurgitation - holodiastolic murmur heart best of aortic valva