Poisoning and Overdoses Flashcards
Finding that suggests Ethylene glycol as overdose agent
Calcium oxalate crystals
Drug given to inhibit alcohol metabolism in methanol overdose
Fomepizole
Osmolar gap level indicating methanol poisoning and need for dialysis
> 25
Drug class that will cause hyperglycemia in addition to bradycardia if OD’d
Calcium channel blockers
Antidote to beta blocker overdose
glucagon
Antidote to calcium channel blocker overdose
calcium chloride
Antidote to beta blocker or calcium channel blocker overdoses IF first line antidote fails
High dose insulin
Insulin regimen in patients with severe beta blocker or calcium channel blocker overdose
1 unit/kg bolus then 1 unit/kg/h drip
add glucose as needed
Antidotes for cyanide toxicity
Hydroxycobalamin or sodium nitirite or sodium thiosulfate
Treatment for antidepressant overdose
Charcoal if early
Alkanalization of blood
Sodium loading
Supportive
Drug class to avoid in serotonin syndrome from SSRI overdose
Antipsychotics
Should you give serotonin antagonists in SSRI overdoses?
No
Antidote to sulfonylurea overdoses
Octreotide
3 meds for cholinergic medications (organophosphates)
Atropine for secretions
Glycopyrrolate for secretions (especially if atropine supply limited)
Pralidoxime for weakness
Drug that lowers seizure threshold in methamphetamine overdose
Haloperidol
Basic treatment for methamphetamine overdose
High doses of benzo’s for agitation
IV fluids for rhabdo from agitation
Antidote to benzodiazepines
Flumazenil
Why not to give flumazenil to benzodiazepine overdoses in chronic use
Seizures are common and that makes benzo’s for seizure control ineffective
Antidote to opioid overdose
Naloxone (Narcan)
Poisoning associated with waterpipe (Hookah) smoking
Carbon monoxide
2 toxic alcohol ingestions that cause an osmolar gap AND an anion gap
Methanol and ethylene glycol
2 toxic alcohol ingestions that cause an osmolar gap WITHOUT an anion gap
Ethanol and isopropanol
