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Critical Care Board Review > Acid Base Disorders > Flashcards

Acid Base Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Formula for anion gap

A

Sodium - (chloride + bicarb)

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2
Q

Normal range for anion gap

A

10 +/- 2

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3
Q

Unmeasured anions

A

proteins, sulfate, phosphate, organic anions

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4
Q

Unmeasured cations

A

potassium, magnesium, calcium

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5
Q

Formula for albumin adjustment to anion gap

A

(4-albumin) * 2.5

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6
Q

Winter’s formula for metabolic acidosis

A

1.5(bicarb) + 8 +/- 2

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7
Q

Generic respiratory acid base compensation formula

A

(x * (change in bicarb/10)) + 24

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8
Q

Mnemonic for acid base compensation bases

A

1,2,4,5, 10, 15

Acute acidosis
Acute alkalosis
Chronic acidosis
Chronic alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis

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9
Q

4 things that cause metabolic alkalosis due to increased cations

A

Parenteral nutrition

Massive blood transfusion

Lactated ringers

Sodium citrate

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10
Q

4 thing that cause metabolic alkalosis due to decreased chloride if urinary chloride is < 10

A

Vomiting

NG suctioning

Diuresis

Post-Hypercapnia

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11
Q

4 things that cause metabolic alkalosis due to decreased chloride if the urinary chloride is > 20

A

Hyperaldosteronism (primary or secondary)
Hypokalemia
Barrter’s
Gitelman’s

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12
Q

Delta gap formula

A

ΔAG/Δbicarb

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13
Q

Delta gap > 1 signifies what

A

concurrent metabolic alkalosis

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14
Q

Delta gap < 1 signifies what

A

concurrent non-anion gap metabolic acidosis

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15
Q

Alternative formula for delta gap

A

ΔAG + bicarb

Result is measured bicarb before the anion gap

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16
Q

GOLDMARK pneumonic for metabolic acidosis causes

A

Glycols (ethylene or propylene)
Oxoproline (Chronic tylenol ingestion)
L-lactate
D-lactate (gut bacteria make in people with short guts, GI surgery, or poor absorption)
Methanol
Aspirin
Renal failure
Ketoacidosis

17
Q

Source of oxoproline as a cause of anion gap acidosis

A

Malnutrition in chronic tylenol use

18
Q

Causes of D lactate accumulation

A

Short bowel syndrome and carb heavy meals

Large amount of propylene glycol ingestion

DKA

19
Q

6 common drugs as sources for propylene glycol when given IV

A

Bactrim

Diazepam

Etomidate

Lorazepam

Nitroglycerin

Phenytoin

20
Q

HARDUP pneumonic for non-anion gap metabolic acidosis causes

A

Hyperalimentation

Acetazolamide

RTA

Diarrhea

Uretero-bowel fistula

Pancreatic fistula

21
Q

Formula for urinary anion gap

A

(Sodium + Potassium) - Chloride

22
Q

Normal urinary anion gap range

A

-10 to +10

23
Q

Normal range for urinary anion gap in the presence of acidosis

A

< -10

24
Q

3 causes of extremely low or negative anion gap

A

very high K, Mg, or Ca

Lithium

Multiple myeloma (paraproteins)

Critical Care Board Review (39 decks)

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