Heme Onc Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

Pathogens to cover with antibiotics in acute chest syndrome

A

S. pneumoniae

Atypicals

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2
Q

Treatment of choice for acute chest syndrome

A

Exchange transfusion

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3
Q

Drug that has no role in acute chest syndrome

A

Hydroxyurea

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4
Q

Leukemia associated with gingival hyperplasia, rash, and lymphadenopathy

A

AML

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5
Q

Leukemia associated with bleeding and thrombosis (DIC or hyperfibrinolysis)

A

APL

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6
Q

Leukemia associated with lymphadenopathy, organomegaly, CNS, bone pain, and tumor lysis

A

ALL

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7
Q

Leukemia associated with hypercalcemia and bone lesions

A

T cell leukemia

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8
Q

Treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia

A

all trans retinoic acid

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9
Q

Condition associated with treatment of APL with all trans retinoic acid

A

APL differentiation syndrome

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10
Q

Presentation of APL differentation syndrome

A

Fever, leukocytosis, pulmonary infiltrates, and effusions in patient with APL treated with all trans retinoic acid

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11
Q

Treatment for APL differentiation syndrome

A

dexamethasone

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12
Q

Common syndrome from CAR T therapy

A

Cytokine release syndrome

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13
Q

Onset of cytokine release syndrome after infusion of CAR T therapy

A

1 week

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14
Q

Treatment for cytokine release syndrome

A

supportive
Tocilizumab first line
Corticosteroids

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15
Q

Treatment of hyperleukocytosis

A

Leukapheresis first line
Cytoreduction
Cranial irradiation

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16
Q

Condition with AMS, dyspnea, and papilledema with retinal hemorrhages

A

Hyperleukocytosis

17
Q

2 false lab results on ABG in patients with hyperleukocytosis

A

Pseudohypoxemia

Pseudohyperkalemia

18
Q

Etiology of hyperviscosity syndrome in multiple myeloma

A

Increased amount of immunoglobulins

19
Q

Condition with sausage like engorgement of the retinal veins

A

Hyperviscosity syndrome

20
Q

3 classic symptoms of hyperviscosity syndrome

A

Mucosal bleeding
Neurologic symptoms
Visual symptoms

21
Q

Treatment for hyperviscosity syndrome

A

Plasmapheresis

Chemotherapy for underlying condition

22
Q

What is produced in lymphoma to cause elevated calcium levels?

A

Vitamin D (calcitriol)

23
Q

Protein in many cancers that causes increased levels of calcium?

A

PTH Releated Peptide (PTHRP)

24
Q

3 EKG changes associated with hypercalcemia

A

QT shortening, T wave flattening

PR and QRS prolongation

Repolarization abnormalities (BBB, brugada syndrome)

25
Primary treatment of hypercalcemia
Fluids
26
Medication for treatment of hypercalcemia
Zolendronic acid or pamidronate Calcitonin for severe
27
Treatment for hypercalcemia unique to Vitamin D related causes (i.e. malignancy)
Glucocorticoids
28
Standard amount to increase pain medication in acute pain crisis for malignancies
25-50% of morphine equivalent
29
Amount to reduce dose when switching between opioids in chronic use with tolerance
25-50%
30
Medication given to reduce edema in spinal cord compression
corticosteroids
31
Medication used in tumor lysis syndrome if renal failure has developed
Rasburicase
32
Disease that must be tested for before starting rasburicase
G6PD deficiency
33
Electrolytes abnormalities in tumor lysis syndrome
Elevated K, UA, and PO4 Reduced Ca
34
Oncologic emergency characterized by dyspnea, facial swelling, and distended neck and arm veins
Superior vena cava syndrome
35
Are prophylactic antiepileptics recommended in mets to the brain with or without edema?
No