Heme Onc Emergencies Flashcards
Pathogens to cover with antibiotics in acute chest syndrome
S. pneumoniae
Atypicals
Treatment of choice for acute chest syndrome
Exchange transfusion
Drug that has no role in acute chest syndrome
Hydroxyurea
Leukemia associated with gingival hyperplasia, rash, and lymphadenopathy
AML
Leukemia associated with bleeding and thrombosis (DIC or hyperfibrinolysis)
APL
Leukemia associated with lymphadenopathy, organomegaly, CNS, bone pain, and tumor lysis
ALL
Leukemia associated with hypercalcemia and bone lesions
T cell leukemia
Treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia
all trans retinoic acid
Condition associated with treatment of APL with all trans retinoic acid
APL differentiation syndrome
Presentation of APL differentation syndrome
Fever, leukocytosis, pulmonary infiltrates, and effusions in patient with APL treated with all trans retinoic acid
Treatment for APL differentiation syndrome
dexamethasone
Common syndrome from CAR T therapy
Cytokine release syndrome
Onset of cytokine release syndrome after infusion of CAR T therapy
1 week
Treatment for cytokine release syndrome
supportive
Tocilizumab first line
Corticosteroids
Treatment of hyperleukocytosis
Leukapheresis first line
Cytoreduction
Cranial irradiation
Condition with AMS, dyspnea, and papilledema with retinal hemorrhages
Hyperleukocytosis
2 false lab results on ABG in patients with hyperleukocytosis
Pseudohypoxemia
Pseudohyperkalemia
Etiology of hyperviscosity syndrome in multiple myeloma
Increased amount of immunoglobulins
Condition with sausage like engorgement of the retinal veins
Hyperviscosity syndrome
3 classic symptoms of hyperviscosity syndrome
Mucosal bleeding
Neurologic symptoms
Visual symptoms
Treatment for hyperviscosity syndrome
Plasmapheresis
Chemotherapy for underlying condition
What is produced in lymphoma to cause elevated calcium levels?
Vitamin D (calcitriol)
Protein in many cancers that causes increased levels of calcium?
PTH Releated Peptide (PTHRP)
3 EKG changes associated with hypercalcemia
QT shortening, T wave flattening
PR and QRS prolongation
Repolarization abnormalities (BBB, brugada syndrome)
Primary treatment of hypercalcemia
Fluids
Medication for treatment of hypercalcemia
Zolendronic acid or pamidronate
Calcitonin for severe
Treatment for hypercalcemia unique to Vitamin D related causes (i.e. malignancy)
Glucocorticoids
Standard amount to increase pain medication in acute pain crisis for malignancies
25-50% of morphine equivalent
Amount to reduce dose when switching between opioids in chronic use with tolerance
25-50%
Medication given to reduce edema in spinal cord compression
corticosteroids
Medication used in tumor lysis syndrome if renal failure has developed
Rasburicase
Disease that must be tested for before starting rasburicase
G6PD deficiency
Electrolytes abnormalities in tumor lysis syndrome
Elevated K, UA, and PO4
Reduced Ca
Oncologic emergency characterized by dyspnea, facial swelling, and distended neck and arm veins
Superior vena cava syndrome
Are prophylactic antiepileptics recommended in mets to the brain with or without edema?
No
