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Critical Care Board Review > Extrapulmonary Infections > Flashcards

Extrapulmonary Infections Flashcards

1
Q

5 reasons to get CT before LP

A

Hx of CNS disease

New onset seizures within the last week

Papilledema

Focal neuro deficits

Altered mentation

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2
Q

Most common cause of bacterial meningitis

A

Strep pneumoniae

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3
Q

Top 5 causes of bacterial meninigitis

A

Strep pneumo

N. Meningitidis

Group B Strep

H influ

Listeria

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4
Q

Serotype of strep that is not covered by the typical pneumonia vaccine

A

Serotype B

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5
Q

Typical abx regimen for meninigitis

A

vanc and 3rd gen ceph

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6
Q

Patients who get ampicillin for meninigitis

A

Pregnancy and patients > 50 years old

Covers Listeria

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7
Q

Abx regimen for meningitis if immunocompromised

A

Vanc + (Cefepime or Meropenem) + ampicillin

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8
Q

Abx regimen for meningitis if recent neurosurgery or penetrating trauma

A

Vanc + (Cefepime or meropenem or ceftazidime)

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9
Q

How are steroids started in meningitis

A

Start dexamethasone empirically

Stop if confirmed to not be strep pneumo

Continue for 4 days if confirmed strep pneumo

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10
Q

3 viral causes of aseptic meningitis in the summer/fall

A

Coxsackievirus

Echovirus

Poliovirus

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11
Q

4 causes of viral encephalitis in the summer/fall

A

West Nile virus

Eastern equine encephalitis virus

Western equine encephalitis virus

St. Louis encephalitis virus

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12
Q

2 causes of aseptic meningitis in the winter/spring

A

Mumps

Lymphocytic choriomenigitis virus

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13
Q

2 causes of aseptic meningitis that can occur at any time of the year

A

HIV

HSV-2

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14
Q

2 causes of viral encephalitis in the winter/spring

A

Mumps

Measles

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15
Q

2 causes of viral encephalitis that can occur at any time of the year

A

HIV

HSV-1

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16
Q

Location of brain abnormalities on imaging with HSV encephalitis

A

temporal lobe

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17
Q

Treatment for HSV encephalitis

A

14-21 days of IV acyclovir

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18
Q

Treatment for west nile virus encephalitis

A

supportive

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19
Q

Patient with fever, ocular abnormalities, neuroinvasive disease in the summer/fall

A

West Nile encephalitis

20
Q

Dx in a patient with altered mentation, proximal to distal paralysis, no sensory issues, and pleiocytosis on CSF

A

West Nile Virus paralysis

21
Q

3 infectious reasons that CSF opening pressure is elevated.

A

Bacterial

TB

Fungal

22
Q

Glucose is low in CSF on what 2 infectious etiologies?

A

Bacterial

TB

23
Q

2 pathogen classes covered for any head and neck infection

A

GNR’s

Oral beta-lactamase producing anaerobes

24
Q

Ludwig’s angina

A

Infection of the submandibular space

25
Q

Lemierre’s syndrome

A

septic embolic appearing as a clot in the jugular vein

26
Q

Bacteria responsible for Lemierre’s syndrome

A

Fusobacterium necrophorium

27
Q

Do you anticoagulate a patient with an IJ blockage from Lemierre’s syndrome

A

No

28
Q

3 options for regimen in typical head and neck infections

A

Augmentin

Rocephin and flagyl

Clindamycin and levoquin

29
Q

Duration of treatment for paravertebral space infection

A

2-3 weeks, longer if for osteo as well

30
Q

Score to show severity in necrotizing skin and soft tissue infections

A

Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC)

31
Q

LRINEC score with a 92% PPV and 96% NPV for necrotizing skin infection

A

6 or more

32
Q

Most common cause of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome

A

Tampons or nasal packing

33
Q

Most common cause of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome

A

Trauma

Postpartum

Possible NSAIDs

34
Q

Does staph or strep toxic shock syndrome have the higher mortality

A

Strep

35
Q

Does staph or strep toxic shock syndrome get IVIG for treatment

A

Strep only

36
Q

Abx regimen for staph toxic shock syndrome

A

MRSA: Vanc + clindamycin

MSSA: nafcillin + clindamycin

37
Q

Abx regimen for strep toxic shock syndrome

A

Pen G + clindamycin

IVIG

38
Q

Bacteria that causes gas gangrene in trauma

A

Clostridium perfringes

39
Q

Bacteria that causes gas gangrene spontaneously

A

Clostridium septicum

40
Q

Treatment for gas gangrene from clostridium

A

Surgical debridement

Pen G + clindamycin

41
Q

Patient with myasthenia gravis appearance and use of black tar heroin infected with what?

A

Clostridium botulinum

42
Q

2 differences in presentation of botulism to myasthenia gravis

A

Dilated pupils

non-fluctuating muscle weakness

43
Q

Treatment for patients with botulinum toxin infection

A

Antitoxin (from CDC)

Penicillin (first line)

flagyl if pcn allergic

44
Q

Class of drugs to not give in C. botulinum infection

A

Aminoglycosides as it worsens paralysis

45
Q

2 reasons to do valve replacement in left sided endocarditis

A
  1. Vegetation size > 10 mm
  2. Location on the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve

Critical Care Board Review (39 decks)

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