Poisoning and overdose - toxidrome - signs and symptoms

Question 1

Sympathomimetic - signs and symptoms

Answer 1

-Tachycardia
- Mydriasis (dilated pupils)
- Diaphoresis (sweating)
- Poloerection (goose bumps)
- Hypothermia seizures

Question 2

Sympathomimetic - examples of causes

Answer 2

• Caffeine
• Cocaine
• Amphetamines
• Ritalin
• LSD
• Theophylline
• MDMA (Ecstasy)
• Alcohol or drug withdrawal

Question 3

Anticholinergic - signs and symptoms

Answer 3

• Confusion
• Mydriasis
• Near vision blurred
• Decreased salvation
• dry mouth
• intense thirst
• difficulty swallowing
• marked flushing of face and chest
• pyrexia
• blockage of sweat glands
• urine retention
• absent bowel sounds
• KIDS ARE MORE AT RISK

Question 4

Anticholinergic- Examples of cause

Answer 4

• Anticholinergics = atropine
• Antihistamines - chlorphenamine, hydroxyzine, diphenhydramine.
• Antipsychotics = chlorpromazine, olanzapine, thiorodazine.
  = Antispasmodics - clidinium, hysosaymine, oxybutynin

Question 5

Cholinergic - signs and symptoms

Answer 5

• Sweating
• Lacrimation (Crying)
• miosis (pinpoint pupils)
• Rhinorrheoa (Runny noes)
• Frothing at the mouth due to salvation and bronchorrhoea.
• vomiting
• Bradycardia
• Urinary incontinence
  -Diarrhoea

Question 6

Cholinergic- Examples of the cause

Answer 6

• Nicotine
• Nerve agents = sarin
  -Organophosphate

Question 7

Opioid signs and symptoms

Answer 7

• miosis
• altered level of consciousness
• Decreased bowel sounds
• Respiratory depression
• nausea
• vomiting

Question 8

Opioid caused

Answer 8

• morphine
• codeine
• Fentanyl
• Methadone
• oxycodone
• hydrocodone

NOTE - OPIOID COMPINDS RELATED TO OPIUM

Question 9

Seretonin symdrome sign and symptoms

Answer 9

• Delerium
• mydriasis
• Sweating
• Tachycardia
• clonus, myoclonus, hyperreflexia
• Increased limb tone
• increased bowel sounds

Question 10

Seretonin syndrome examples of cause

Answer 10

• drug abuse- MDMA
• Amphetamines
  Antidepressants - tricyclics
• citalopram
• fluoxetine, sertraline
• monoamine

Question 11

Alcohol signs and symptoms

Answer 11

• Nausea
• vomiting
• slurred speech
• confusion
• convulsions
• unconsciousness
• change in rational thinking
• hypoglycaemia

Question 12

Examples of cause - alcohol

Answer 12

• Alcohol-containing products
• mix of alcohol-containing products