Neurological conditions - stroke

Question 1

What are strokes?

Answer 1

Rapidly developing clinical signs of focal or global disturbances of cerebral function.

Question 2

How long will stroke symptoms last?

Answer 2

24 hours or longer which can lead to death with no apparent cause other than vascular compromise.

Question 3

Epidemiology of strokes

Answer 3

-Strokes strike every 5 minutes

• 100,000 people have strokes each year
• 1.3 million stroke survivors each year
• strokes account for around 75% of deaths from cerebrovascular disease

Question 4

Aetiology of strokes

Answer 4

• Can happen to anyone
• can be due to age
• medical
• lifestyle
• Family history
• Ethnicity

Question 5

What is the blood supply to the brain and its surrounding structures like ?

Answer 5

Middle cerebral attery infarct - this is the most common artery involved in strokes.
= supplies a large area if the brain and part if basal ganglia and internal capsule via 4 segments (M1,M2,M3 AND M4)

Question 6

what is the Circle of wills?

Answer 6

• ring-like arterial structure that is located at the base of the brain that supplies the blood to the brain and surrounding structures.

Question 7

the circle of wills is a component of the cerebral circulation and is compromised of 5 arteries.

Question 8

Function of circle of wills

Answer 8

• Ensure blood reaches the brain

Question 9

How does the arrangement of the CoW help?

Answer 9

circle of wills is arranged as interconnected vascular channels that ensure oxygenated blood flow can continue to the brain unimpaired.

Question 10

The circle of wills is a principle supplies.
this can cause?

Answer 10

obstruction can cause serious damage

Question 11

The CoW created redundancy for collateral circulation in cerebral circulation.

Question 12

Collateral circulation is?

Answer 12

the flow of blood through alternative routes around an obstructed vein or artery. This is made possible by its neighboring vessels.

Question 13

Due to the presence of the CoW if there is one vessel that supplies blood to the brain becomes blocked completely the other vessels preserve the cerebral perfusion pressure.

For example, the net pressure gradient causes cerebral blood flow to the brain.

This if done well enough can prevent the onset of ischemia (restriction of blood flow to the tissues.

Question 14

The blockage of the cerebral artery is called?

Answer 14

Cerebral artery stenosis

Question 15

What is cerebral artery stenosis (blockage) caused by?

Answer 15

Build up of plaque,
some diseased

Question 16

Cerebral artery stenosis leads to

Answer 16

TIA or Stroke

Question 17

Nutshell of CoW—-

Answer 17

CoW acts as a safety valve for the brain nad makes sure that it sits comfortably at the top without having to worry about issues with the supply of blood.

Question 18

HAEMORRHAGIC STROKE IS A

Answer 18

spontaneous bleed following a ruptured blood vessel resulting in focal hematoma or intraventricular hemorrhage.

Question 19

A haemorrhagic stroke can lead to

Answer 19

Edema
compression
spasmodic blood vessels

Question 20

Hemorrhagic strokes are often fatal and devastating.

Question 21

Ischemic stroke = clots

Question 22

An ischemic stroke usually a result of?

Answer 22

obstruction within a blood vessel that supplies the brain.

Question 23

Transient ischemic attack is a

Answer 23

Mini stroke

Question 24

Transient ischemic attacks are caused by

Answer 24

temporary disruption in the supply of blood to a part of the brain.

Question 25

how long do TIA symptoms last?

Answer 25

minutes to hours but have usually disappeared within less than 24 hours.

Question 26

Signs and symptoms of a TIA’S or Strokes

Answer 26

• sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arms, and legs. mainly on one side.
• sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes.
• sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance, lack of coordination.
• sudden severe headache without a known cause, that results in blinding pain. will be pain like you have never experienced before.
• loss of consciousness.

Question 27

Other signs and symptoms of TIA’S or Strokes

Answer 27

• complete paralysis on one side of the body
• sudden blurred vision or loss of vision or double vision.

-Vertigo

-Sickness

-Trouble Walking

• Dizziness

-Confusion

• Difficulty understanding what others are saying.

-Balance and coordination issues

-Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia_