poisoning

Question 1

what is the antidote for Digoxin poisioning

Answer 1

digoxin immune fab

Question 2

what is the antidote for paracetamol

Answer 2

acetylcysteine

Question 3

what is the antidote for opiodes

Answer 3

naloxone

Question 4

what is the antidote for benzodiazapines

Answer 4

flumazenil

Question 5

what is the antidote for Iron

Answer 5

Deferozamine

Question 6

what is the toxic metabolite of paracetamol

Answer 6

NAPQI

Question 7

what does rattax contain

Answer 7

waffrin which affects vit K pathway

Question 8

when can emesis be done and to who

Answer 8

• less than 1 hour of ingestion
• inc children
• when activated charcoal is not indicated

Question 9

how is emesis done

Answer 9

• by stimulating the pharynx
• by Ipecacuanha (emetic aganet used to induce vomiting)

Question 10

what are the contraindicatios of emesis

Answer 10

• low levels of conciousness
• ingested a corrosive substance
• at risk of seizures
• hydeocarbons

Question 11

what is gastric lavage and what and when is it used

Answer 11

• it is a method used for clerance of toxins
• used when the time of ingestion is between 1 and 2 hours or less.
• it is useful when large solid substances have been ingested

Question 12

what is used for gastric lavage

Answer 12

• large bore chatheter 32-40 in size
• 200-300 ml of tap water in adults
• 10ml/kg body temperature saline in kids

Question 13

what should be done during gastric lavage

Answer 13

• airway monitoring
• monitpr decontamination

Question 14

what are the contraindications of gatric lavage

Answer 14

• corrosive substance
• hydrocarbons
• risk of GI haemorrhage
• unprotected airway

Question 15

for which substances is activated charcoal useful for?

Answer 15

• alicylates
• paracetamol
• barbiturates
• digoxin
• TCAs

Question 16

what time span can activated charcoal still be used

Answer 16

• less than 2 hours since ingestion
• longer is delayed gastric emptying.

Question 17

when do you concider multiple dose activated charoal (MDAC)

Answer 17

• severely poisoined patients
• substance related poisioning
• enterohepatic cycling
• ## drugs secreted into bile or intestien such as digoxin

Question 18

what is activated charcoal not used for/ contraindications

Answer 18

• Strong acids or alkalis
• Iron salts
• Lithium
• Petroleum products
• Cyanide
• Endoscopy due
• antidotes given by mouth

Question 19

what are the adverse effects of activated charoal

Answer 19

• vomiting
• diarrhoea/constipation
• intestinal obstruction

Question 20

what is the dose of route of adminitration of AC

Answer 20

• oral/ via a NG tube
• for adults 50-100g in slurry with 500ml of water
• for peads 10-50g in 100 to 300ml of water

Question 21

when is haemodyalisis used

Answer 21

for:
- lithium poisoining
- salicylates poisoining
- methonol poisoining

• it is used for renally impaired patients and those who remian detoriated despite supportive care given

Question 22

what does charcoal haemoperfusion do

Answer 22

• it helps remove barbitibates
• theophylline and
• carbamazepine