Poisoning Flashcards
Black button spider bite pain treatment?
Iv calcium gluconate for muscle cramps, but only last 20-30 min.
NOT CNS depressants!
Is black or brown butter spider bite worse?
Black
Name 2 spiders with cytotoxic venom
• Sac spider!
• violin spider!
. Six eyed sand spiders
Which spider responsible for most cytotoxic spider bites?
Sac spider: cheiracanthium furculatum
“Aggressive”
Presentation sac spider bite?
- Initially not painful, resemble mosquito bite
- later typical bull’s eye lesion
- Center necrosis and ulcerations
- systemic symptoms rare but may be experienced after 2 days.
No antivenom.
Violin spider bite presentation?
- Initially painless and unnoticed
- 2 hours later red and swollen, purple centre
- day 1-2 bleeding into site: blackened
- day 4: swelling and inflammation subside, cutaneous necrosis spread slowly
- necrotic tissue slough off leaving deep ulcerating wound - slow healing and scarring
No antivenom.
Which family scorpions most venomous?
Buthidae eg parabuthus! (Most venomous)
Cause scorpionism
What type of toxicity scorpion venom?
Most neurotoxic
Parabathus sting presentation
- Immediate, excruciating local burning pain
- spread through body as cramps, numb, pins and needles.
- hyperesthesia
- tremors, drool, loss pharyngeal reflexes, sweating, stiff gait.
- respiratory failure primary cause of death.
- children unique form restlessness with uncontrollable jerking, chaotic thrashing movements, flail and writhe, screaming
Treatment parabuthus stings?
• Symptomatic and supportive - listen to patient hyperesthesia
• antivenom: if systemic symptoms, take 2-6 hours
. Pain: inject local anaesthesia
What type venom do button spiders have?
Neurotoxic
Button spider bite presentation?
- Neurotransmitter ach and noradrenaline release responsible for clinical picture latrodectism
- first hypersensitive, generalised stimulation somatic and autonomic nerve endings
- relative paralysis next due to neurotransmitter depletion.
Moa carbon monoxide poisoning?
• CO displace oxygen from haemoglobin, 300 times greater affinity
Cyanide poisoning moa?
Prevent up take oxygen by inhibition cytochrome oxidase, and local erosion.
Arsenic poisoning acute symptoms? (4)
- Haemorrhagic gastritis
- Subendocardial haemorrhage
- tubular necrosis
- intravascular hemolysis
