HIV Flashcards
Name 4 antiretroviral drug classes
- Entry inhibitors: fusion inhibitors (eg enfuvirtide) and ccr5 inhibitors (eg maraviroc)
- protease inhibitors: ritonavir
- reverse transcriptase inhibitors: nucleoside NRTI ( eg zidovudine) and nonnucleoside NNRTI ( eg nevirapine ) and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors ntrti (eg tenofovir)
- integrate inhibitors: raltegravir
Name the 2 types of entry inhibitors antiretrovirals and examples
- Fusion inhibitors: enfuvirtide (interfere with gp 41)
* ccr5 inhibitors: maraviroc
Name the 4 types, and examples, of nrti
- Thymidine analogues: stavudine, zidovudine azt!
- adenosine analogue: didanosine DDI
- cytosine analogue: lamivudine (3Tc)! Emtricitabine (FTC)!
- guanosine: abacavir (ABC)!
- . Nucleoside: tenofovir
Moa of nrti?
Prevent DNA chain elongation
Competitive inhibitory effect on reverse transcriptase
Zidovudine azt ae? (2)
- Neutropenia
* anemia
Abacavir ABC AE?
Hypersensitivity reaction
Never rechallenge!
Name example of nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors NtRTI
Tenofovir
Adverse effect tenofovir TDF?
Renal toxicity, must check kidney function before give
Moa NNRTI?
Inactivate reverse transcriptase to prevent DNA formation and elongation
Name 2 examples NNRTI
- Efavirenz
* nevirapine
Name 2 nb adverse effects nevirapine
- Rash, Steven’s Johnsons syndrome
* hepatotoxicity
Name nb adverse effects efavirenz
CNS side effects- contraindicated psych patients
Protease inhibitors moa?
Prevent cleavage of viral polyproteins resulting in immature non-infectious HIV viral particles
Therefore prevent viral assembly and budding
Name 3 examples protease inhibitors
- Lopinavir/ritonavir LPV /r (second line)
- atazanavir / ritonavir (special cases)
- darunavir (third line by experts)
Name nb side effects lopinavir ritonavir
Metabolic: hyperlipidaemia, hyperglycemia
