POISON: toxic alcohols/frostbite Flashcards
Alcohol ketoacidosis. CP?
slurred speach
unsteady gait
altered mentation
Alcohol ketoacidosis. lab?
High osmolar gap
incr. anion gap metabolic acidosis (ketosis)
Methanol ingestion. CP?
VISUAL BLURRING, central scotomata
Afferent pupillary defect
Altered mentation
Methanol ingestion. Lab?
High osmolar gap
incr. anion gap metabolic acidosis
Ethylene glycol ingestion. CP?
Flank pain
Hematuria, oliguria
Cranial nerve palsies, tetany
Ethylene glycol ingestion. lab?
High osmolar gap
incr. anion gap metabolic acidosis
CALCIUM OXALATE CRYSTALS in urine
Isopropyl alcohol ingestion. CP?
CNS depression
Disconjugate gaze
Absent ciliary reflex
Isopropyl alcohol ingestion. lab?
High osmolar gap
NO INCREASED anion gap or metabolic acidosis
Kidney damage?
in ethylene glycol ingestion
eye damage?
methanol ingestion
Management. Antidote for methanol and/or ethylene glycol?
Fomepizole
also ethanol
Management. 3?
Fomepizole or ethanol
NaHCO3 (alleviate acidosis)
Hemodialysis (in case of severe acidosis or end organ damage)
Frostbite. freezing leads to what? 4 patho
disruption of cell membranes
ischemia
vascular thrombosis
inflammatory changes
Frostbite. CP?
Superficial pallor and anesthesia
Blistering, eschar formation
deep tissue necrosis and mummification
Frostbite. management?
INITIAL: RAPID REWARMING in 37-39C water bath
Analgesia and wound care
Thrombolysis in severe, limb threatening cases