POISON: toxic alcohols/frostbite

Question 1

Alcohol ketoacidosis. CP?

Answer 1

slurred speach
unsteady gait
altered mentation

Question 2

Alcohol ketoacidosis. lab?

Answer 2

High osmolar gap
incr. anion gap metabolic acidosis (ketosis)

Question 3

Methanol ingestion. CP?

Answer 3

VISUAL BLURRING, central scotomata

Afferent pupillary defect

Altered mentation

Question 4

Methanol ingestion. Lab?

Answer 4

High osmolar gap
incr. anion gap metabolic acidosis

Question 5

Ethylene glycol ingestion. CP?

Answer 5

Flank pain
Hematuria, oliguria
Cranial nerve palsies, tetany

Question 6

Ethylene glycol ingestion. lab?

Answer 6

High osmolar gap
incr. anion gap metabolic acidosis
CALCIUM OXALATE CRYSTALS in urine

Question 7

Isopropyl alcohol ingestion. CP?

Answer 7

CNS depression
Disconjugate gaze
Absent ciliary reflex

Question 8

Isopropyl alcohol ingestion. lab?

Answer 8

High osmolar gap
NO INCREASED anion gap or metabolic acidosis

Question 9

Kidney damage?

Answer 9

in ethylene glycol ingestion

Question 10

eye damage?

Answer 10

methanol ingestion

Question 11

Management. Antidote for methanol and/or ethylene glycol?

Answer 11

Fomepizole
also ethanol

Question 12

Management. 3?

Answer 12

Fomepizole or ethanol
NaHCO3 (alleviate acidosis)
Hemodialysis (in case of severe acidosis or end organ damage)

Question 13

Frostbite. freezing leads to what? 4 patho

Answer 13

disruption of cell membranes
ischemia
vascular thrombosis
inflammatory changes

Question 14

Frostbite. CP?

Answer 14

Superficial pallor and anesthesia
Blistering, eschar formation
deep tissue necrosis and mummification

Question 15

Frostbite. management?

Answer 15

INITIAL: RAPID REWARMING in 37-39C water bath

Analgesia and wound care

Thrombolysis in severe, limb threatening cases