POISON: toxic alcohols/frostbite Flashcards

1
Q

Alcohol ketoacidosis. CP?

A

slurred speach
unsteady gait
altered mentation

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2
Q

Alcohol ketoacidosis. lab?

A

High osmolar gap
incr. anion gap metabolic acidosis (ketosis)

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3
Q

Methanol ingestion. CP?

A

VISUAL BLURRING, central scotomata

Afferent pupillary defect

Altered mentation

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4
Q

Methanol ingestion. Lab?

A

High osmolar gap
incr. anion gap metabolic acidosis

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5
Q

Ethylene glycol ingestion. CP?

A

Flank pain
Hematuria, oliguria
Cranial nerve palsies, tetany

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6
Q

Ethylene glycol ingestion. lab?

A

High osmolar gap
incr. anion gap metabolic acidosis
CALCIUM OXALATE CRYSTALS in urine

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7
Q

Isopropyl alcohol ingestion. CP?

A

CNS depression
Disconjugate gaze
Absent ciliary reflex

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8
Q

Isopropyl alcohol ingestion. lab?

A

High osmolar gap
NO INCREASED anion gap or metabolic acidosis

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9
Q

Kidney damage?

A

in ethylene glycol ingestion

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10
Q

eye damage?

A

methanol ingestion

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11
Q

Management. Antidote for methanol and/or ethylene glycol?

A

Fomepizole
also ethanol

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12
Q

Management. 3?

A

Fomepizole or ethanol
NaHCO3 (alleviate acidosis)
Hemodialysis (in case of severe acidosis or end organ damage)

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13
Q

Frostbite. freezing leads to what? 4 patho

A

disruption of cell membranes
ischemia
vascular thrombosis
inflammatory changes

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14
Q

Frostbite. CP?

A

Superficial pallor and anesthesia
Blistering, eschar formation
deep tissue necrosis and mummification

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15
Q

Frostbite. management?

A

INITIAL: RAPID REWARMING in 37-39C water bath

Analgesia and wound care

Thrombolysis in severe, limb threatening cases

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