causality+ studies types tables Flashcards
Analogy?
similar associations known
similar associations known
analogy
Biological gradient?
dose-dependent relationship between cause and effect
dose-dependent relationship between cause and effect
Biological gradient
Biological plausibility?
probable given established knowledge
probable given established knowledge
Biological plausibility
coherence?
association should not conflict with known facts
association should not conflict with known facts
coherence
consistency?
cause widely associated with effect
cause widely associated with effect
consistency
experimental evidence?
effect evidenced by experimental designs
effect evidenced by experimental designs
experimental evidence?
cause uniquely associated with effect
specificity
specificity?
cause uniquely associated with effect
strength of association?
cause associated with a substantive effect
cause associated with a substantive effect
strength of association
temporality?
cause precedes effect
cause precedes effect
temporality
types of studies. what 2 experimental?
randomized controlled trial
nonrandomized design
types of studies.
randomized controlled trial?
random allocation into treatment and placebo groups
can determine efficacy of the intervention
types of studies.
nonrandomized design?
nonrandom allocation into treatment and placebo groups
can determine efficacy of the intervention
types of studies. obervational 4?
cohort
cross-sectional
case-control
case
types of studies. cohort?
Data gathered from the same individuals over time (longitudinal)
can assess risk factors and outcomes
types of studies. cross-sectional?
data gathered at one point in time
can determine prevalence of an outcome in a population
types of studies. case-control?
data gathered from individuals with the condition of interest (cases) and compared to individuals without the condition (controls)
types of studies. case?
detailed information gathered about one individual (or a small group of individuals)
types of studies. review? 1
meta-analysis
types of studies. meta-analysis?
data from multiple studies are statistically combined and analyzed
types of studies.
can determine efficacy of the intervention? 2
both experimentals - randomized controlled trial
nonrandomized design
types of studies.
can assess risk factors and outcomes?
cohort
types of studies.
can determine prevalence of an outcome in a population?
cross-sectional
