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Step 1 prep > Pneumonics > Flashcards

Pneumonics Flashcards

1
Q

What diseases can cause Belle’s palsy?

A

“my Lovely Belle HAd an STD”

Lyme dz, Herpes zoster, AIDS, Sarcoidosis, Tumors, Diabetes

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2
Q

Rifampin’s 4 R’s

A

RNA polymerase inhibitor
Ramps up microsomal cytochrome P450
Red/orange body fluids
Rapid resistance if used alone

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3
Q

What are the functions of IL-1 through IL-6?

A 
"Hot T-Bone stEAK"
IL-1: fever (Hot)
IL-2: Stimulates T cells
IL-3: Stimulates Bone marrow
IL-4: Simulates IgE production
IL-5: stimulates IgA production
IL-6: stimulates aKute-phase protein production
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4
Q

Differential for serum Eosinophilia

A 
"DNAACP"
Drug 
Neoplasm
Asthma/allergies
Acute interstitial nephritis
Adrenal insufficiency 
Collagen vascular dz
Parasites
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5
Q

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

A 
"WAITER"
Wiskott
Aldrich
Immunodeficiency
Thrombocytopenia purpura
Eczema on the trunk (abnormal location!)
Recurrent pyogenic infxn
-Mutation in WAS gene leads to T cell inability to reorganize actin cytoskeleton
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6
Q

What are examples of Rx used to treat Parkinsons dz?

A

“BALSA”
Bromocriptine (ergot DA agonist)
Amantadine (increased DA release)
L-dopa/carbidopa
Selegiline (MOA-B inhibitor) and COMT inhibitors
Antimuscarinics (Parkinson can have increased Ach)

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7
Q

What are the CYP450 Inducers?

A 
"Guiness, Coronas and PBRS induce chronic alcoholism"
Griseofulvin
Carbamazepine
Phenytoin
Barbiturates
Rifampin
St. John's wort
Chronic alcoholism
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8
Q

What are the CYP450 inhibitors?

A 
"CRACK AMIGOS"
Cimetidine
Rotinavir
Amiodarone
Ciprofloxacin
Ketoconazole
Acute alcohol use
Macrolides
Isoniazid
Grapefruit juice
Omeprazole
Sulfonamides
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9
Q

What is the triad of Plummer-Vinson syndrome?

A

“Plummer’s DIG”
Dysphagia (due to esophageal webs)
Iron deficiency anemia
Glossitis

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10
Q

Retroperitoneal structures

A 
"SADPUCKER"
Suprarenal (adrenal glands)
Aorta and IVC
Duodenum (2nd through 4th parts)
Pancreas (except the tail)
Ureters
Colon (descending and ascending)
Kidneys
Esophagus (lower 2/3)
Rectum (partially)
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11
Q

The 4 aerobic bacteria

A 
"Nagging Pests Must Breath"
Nocardia (G+)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (G- rod)
Mycobacterium TB
Bacillus (G+ rod)
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12
Q

What are the five 2’s of Meckel’s diverticulum?

A 
2 inches long
2 feet from the ileocecal valve
2% of the population
Presents in the first 2 years of life
May have 2 types of epithelium (ectopic gastric/pancreatic)
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13
Q

MCC of Acute pancreatitis?

A 
"BAD HITS"
Biliary obstruction
Alcohol
Drugs
Hypertriglyceridemia/Hypercalcemia
Idiopathic
Trauma
Scorpion stings
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14
Q

What is the classic triad for Hemochromatosis

A

“Hemochromatosis Can Deposit Bronze”
Cirrhosis
Diabetes mellitus
“Bronze diabetes” -skin pigmentation

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15
Q

What hepatitis viruses are transferred via the fecal-oral route?

A

“Fecal-oral is at both ends of the body=>A&E are at both ends of the Hep virus alphabet”
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis E

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16
Q

What are the risk factors for Gallstone formation?

A 
"4 F's" -Estrogen increases risk of gallstones
Fat
Fertile (pregnant)
Female
Over Forty
17
Q

At what levels do structures penetrate the diaphragm?

A

“I ate ten eggs aat 12”

  • IVC at T8
  • T10: Vagus (10) and Esophagus (egg)
  • T12: Aorta, Azygos vein, Thoracic duct (aat)
18
Q

What is the differential dx for eosinophilia?

A 
"DNAAACP"
Drugs
Neoplasm
Atopic dz
Addison dz
Acute interstitial nephritis
Collagen vascular dz
Parasites
19
Q

What are the AE of ACE inhibition?

A

“Captopril’s CATCHH”

  • Cough (due to increased bradykinin)
  • Angioedema (contra in C1 esterase inhibitor deficient pts)
  • Teratogen
  • Creatinine increase (due to decreased GFR)
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Hypotension
20
Q

What hypertension drugs are safe to use in pregnancy?

A 
"Hypertensive Moms Love Nifedipine"
Hydralazine 
Methyldopa
Labetolol
Nifedipine
21
Q

What are are the signs associated with Infective Endocarditis?

A

“FROM JANE”

  • Fever
  • Roth spots (round white spots on retina surrounded by hemorrhage)
  • Osler nodes (tender raised lesions on finger or toe pads)
  • Murmur
  • Janeway lesions (small, painless erythematous lesions on palm or sole)
  • Anemia
  • Nail bed hemorrhage (splinter hemorrhages)
  • Emboli
22
Q

What is Reynold’s pentad for Cholangitis?

A 
Fever
Jaundice
RUQ pain 
Hypotension
AMA
23
Q

Characterize genital ulcers according to pain

A

“Some Girls Love Licorice but Fellows Hate Candy”
PainLess:
-Syphilis, Granuloma inguinale, Lymphogranuloma venereum, painLess
PainFul:
-Herpes simplex, Chancroid

24
Q

What are the diagnostic features for mania?

A 
"DIG FAST"
Distractability
Irresponsibility
Grandiosity
Flight of ideas
Activity (increased)
Sleep is decreased
Talkative
25
Q

What are the diagnostic criteria for major depessive disorder?

A 
"SIG E CAPS" -must have 5/9
Sleep disturbances
Interest loss (anhedonia)
Guilt
Energy loss
Concentration difficulties
Appetite changes
Psychomotor retardation/agitation
Suicidal ideation
26
Q

Name 4 SSRIs

A 
"Flashbacks Paralyze Senior Citizens"
Fluoxetine
Paroxetine
Sertraline
Citalopram
27
Q

What are the MAO inhibitors?

A 
"MAOI Takes Pride In Shanghai"
Tranylcypromine
Phenelzine
Isocarboxazid
Selegiline
28
Q

What are the seronegative spondyloarthropathies?

A 
"PAIR"
Psoriatic arthritis
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Inflammatory bowel dz
Reactive arthritis
29
Q

What are the manifestations of CREST syndrome?

A 
CREST
Calcinosis
Raynaud phenomenon
Esophageal dysmotility
Sclerodactyly
Telangiectasias

Step 1 prep (14 decks)

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