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Step 1 prep > Heme > Flashcards

Heme Flashcards

1
Q

What two things does Factor XIIa activate?

A

Factor XI
Converts prekallikrein=>Kallikrein
(Kallikrein cleaves plasminogen to form plasmin)

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2
Q

What is the 2 functions of Kallikrein and what activates it?

A

Cleaves plasminogen to form plasmin
Converts HMWK=>bradykinin
Activated by Factor XII

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3
Q

What are the steps of the intrinsic pathway?

A

XII=>XI=>IX=>X=>II =>Fibrin, XIIIa
VIII aids in conversion of IX=>X
V aids in conversion of X=>II

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4
Q

What are the steps of the extrinsic pathway?

A

VII=>X=>II=>Fibrin, XIIIa

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5
Q

What is the function of plasmin?

A

Clot buster

-breaks down the fibrin mesh in blood clots

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6
Q

What factor kicks off both the coagulation cascade and the fibrinolytic system?

A

Factor XII

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7
Q

What are the functions of bradykinin?

A

Vasodilation
Increases vascular permeability
Pain mediator

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8
Q

What enzyme degrades bradykinin?

A

ACE is responsible for degrading bradykinin

-ACEI leads to increased bradykinin=>hypotension, angioedema

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9
Q

Will hemophilia affect PT or PTT?

A

PTT
Hemophilia A: factor VIII def
Hemophila B: factor IX def
-both are in the intrinsic pathway=>PTT

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10
Q

What coag factor is deficient in hemophilia A?

A

Factor VIII

“Ate”

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11
Q

What coag factor is deficient in hemophilia B?

A

Factor IX

“Benign”

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12
Q

What is the clinical consequence of a deficiency in either protein C or protein S?

A

Hypercoagulability

-Warfarin therapy + Protein C deficiency => skin necrosis

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13
Q

MC leukemia in kids

A

ALL

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14
Q

MC leukemia in adults

A

CLL

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15
Q

Characteristic Auer rods

A

AML

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16
Q

Myelodysplastic syndromes have a tendency to progress to

17
Q

Myeloproliferative disorders may progress to

18
Q

> 20% blasts in bone marrow

A

Acute leukemia

19
Q

Leukemia with more mature cells and <5% blasts

A

Chronic leukemia

20
Q

PAS (+) acute leukemia

21
Q

Commonly presents with bone pain

22
Q

Numerous basophils, splenomegaly, and negative for leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP)

23
Q

Always positive for the philadelphia chromosome

A

CML (Philadelphia CreaML cheese)

24
Q

Acute leukemia positive for peroxidase

25
Q

Solid sheets of lymphoblasts in marrow

26
Q

PAS (-) acute leukemia

27
Q

Always associated with bcr-abl gene

A

Philadelphia chromosome, CML

Step 1 prep (14 decks)

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