DIT rapid review

Question 1

MCC of bacterial meningitis in neonate

Answer 1

GBS

Question 2

MCC of bacterial meningitis in childrenn

Answer 2

N. meningitidis, S. pneumonia

Question 3

MCC of bacterial meningitis in adults

Answer 3

S. pneumo

Question 4

Osteomyelitis in an IV drug user

Answer 4

S. aureus, Pseudomonas

Question 5

Osteomyelitis in a sickle cell pt

Answer 5

Salmonella

Question 6

Osteomyelitis in young sexually active pt

Answer 6

N. Gonorrhea

Question 7

MC reportable STD

Answer 7

Chlamydia

Question 8

Non-painful, indurated, ulcerated genital lesion

Answer 8

Primary syphilis

Question 9

Painful, indurated, ulcerated genital lesion with exudate

Answer 9

Chancroid

Question 10

Stippled vaginal epithelial cells on a wet prep of vaginal discharge

Answer 10

Clue cells of bacterial vaginosis

Question 11

Common tx for syphilis

Answer 11

Penicillin G

Question 12

Tx for Trichomonas

Answer 12

Metronidazole

Question 13

Tx for Chlamydia

Answer 13

Doxycycline or azithromycin

Question 14

Tx for Gonorrhea

Answer 14

Ceftriaxone

Question 15

Boy with self-mutilating behavior, intellectual disability and gout

Answer 15

Lesch Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT def)

Question 16

Orotic acid in the urine, elevations in serum ammonia

Answer 16

OTC deficiency

Question 17

Orotic acid in the urine, no elevation in serum ammonia

Answer 17

Orotic aciduria

Question 18

Megaloblastic anemia that does not improve with folate and B12?

Answer 18

Orotic aciduria

Question 19

What’s the most common drug prescribed for ADHD

Answer 19

Methylphenidate (ritalin)

Question 20

Most common medication for Bulimia pts

Answer 20

SSRI (fluoxetine)

Question 21

Medical tx for alcohol withdrawal

Answer 21

Benzodiazepine

Question 22

Most effective tx for alcohol abuse

Answer 22

Alcoholics anonymous

Question 23

Atrophy of the mammilary bodies

Answer 23

Wernicke encephalopathy

Question 24

tx for central Diabetes insipidus?

Answer 24

Desmopressin

Question 25

Tx for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Answer 25

HCTZ, indomethacin, amiloride

Question 26

Tx for lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Answer 26

Amiloride

Question 27

What are the causes of an increased anion gap metabolic acidosis?

Answer 27

"MUDPILES"
Methanol
Uremia
DKA
Propylene glycol
Isoniazid/iron tablets
Lactic acidosis
Ethylene glycol
Salicylates

Question 28

Nodular hyaline deposits in the glomeruli

Answer 28

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

Question 29

Glomerulnephritis plus pulmonary vasculitis

Answer 29

Wegener’s, Goodpasture’s syndrome

Question 30

Red cell casts

Answer 30

Acute Glomerulonephritis

Question 31

Waxy casts

Answer 31

Acute pyelonephritis

Question 32

Thyroid-like appearance of kidney

Answer 32

Chronic pyelonephritis

Question 33

MC renal tumor

Answer 33

Renal cell carcinoma

Question 34

MC type of renal stone

Answer 34

Calcium stones

Question 35

Type of renal stone associated with Proteus vulgaris

Answer 35

Struvite stone

Question 36

MC tumor of the adrenal gland

Answer 36

Benign, non-functioning adrenal adenoma

Question 37

MC tumor of the adrenal medulla in adults

Answer 37

Pheochromocytoma

Question 38

MC tumor of the adrenal medulla in kids

Answer 38

Adrenal Neurblastoma

Question 39

MCC of primary hyperaldosteronism

Answer 39

Adrenal adenoma

Question 40

Medical tx for hyperaldosteronism

Answer 40

Spironolactone or eplerenone

Question 41

Medical tx for pheochromocytoma

Answer 41

Non-selective alpha blocker (phenoxybenzamine or phentolamine)

Question 42

Pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid cancer and hyperparathyroidism

Answer 42

MEN2A

Question 43

Pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid cancer, mucosal neuromas

Answer 43

MEN2B

Question 44

Adrenal dz associated with skin hyperpigmentation

Answer 44

Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s dz)

Question 45

HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 45

Hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome)

Question 46

MC thyroid cancer

Answer 46

Papillary carcinoma

Question 47

Cold intolerance

Answer 47

Hypothyroidism

Question 48

Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei

Answer 48

Papillary cancer of the thyroid (“Orphan-Annie eye nuclei”)

Question 49

Standard tx for DKA

Answer 49

IV fluids, IV insulin, potassium replacement

Question 50

Standard tx for type 1 DM

Answer 50

Insulin

Question 51

Standard tx for type 2 DM

Answer 51

Low-carb diet, weight loss, oral hypoglycemic drugs, insulin

Question 52

MCC of hypercalcemia

Answer 52

Primary hyperparathyroidism (Parathyroid adenoma/Parathyroid hyperplasia)

Question 53

MCC of primary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 53

Parathyroid adenoma

Question 54

MCC of secondary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 54

Chronic renal failure

-hypocalcemia

Question 55

MCC of hypoparathyroidism

Answer 55

Accidental parathyroidectomy during thyroid surgery

Question 56

Facial muscle spasm when tapping on the cheek

Answer 56

Chvostek sign of hypocalcemia

Question 57

Parathyroid, Pancreatic, Pituitary tumors

Answer 57

MEN1

Question 58

Smudge cells

Answer 58

CLL

Question 59

“Punched out” lytic bone lesions

Answer 59

Multiple myeloma

Question 60

Rouleaux formation

Answer 60

Multiple myeloma

Question 61

Monoclonal antibody spike

Answer 61

Multiple myeloma, MGUS, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia

Question 62

Reddish-pink rods in the cytoplasm of leukemic blasts

Answer 62

Auer rods (AML)

Question 63

Dark purple nodules on the skin of an HIV pt

Answer 63

Kaposi sarcoma (HHV-8)

Question 64

Large cells with owl’s eye inclusions

Answer 64

CMV

Question 65

Treatment for CMV

Answer 65

Gancyclovir

Question 66

MC opportunistic infection in HIV pts

Answer 66

Pneumocystic jerovecii

Question 67

Drug used to prevent Pneumocystis pneumonia

Answer 67

TMP-SMX (Dapsone if sulfa allergy, but watch out for G6PD!)