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Step 1 prep > DIT rapid review > Flashcards

DIT rapid review Flashcards

1
Q

MCC of bacterial meningitis in neonate

A

GBS

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2
Q

MCC of bacterial meningitis in childrenn

A

N. meningitidis, S. pneumonia

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3
Q

MCC of bacterial meningitis in adults

A

S. pneumo

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4
Q

Osteomyelitis in an IV drug user

A

S. aureus, Pseudomonas

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5
Q

Osteomyelitis in a sickle cell pt

A

Salmonella

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6
Q

Osteomyelitis in young sexually active pt

A

N. Gonorrhea

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7
Q

MC reportable STD

A

Chlamydia

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8
Q

Non-painful, indurated, ulcerated genital lesion

A

Primary syphilis

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9
Q

Painful, indurated, ulcerated genital lesion with exudate

A

Chancroid

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10
Q

Stippled vaginal epithelial cells on a wet prep of vaginal discharge

A

Clue cells of bacterial vaginosis

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11
Q

Common tx for syphilis

A

Penicillin G

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12
Q

Tx for Trichomonas

A

Metronidazole

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13
Q

Tx for Chlamydia

A

Doxycycline or azithromycin

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14
Q

Tx for Gonorrhea

A

Ceftriaxone

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15
Q

Boy with self-mutilating behavior, intellectual disability and gout

A

Lesch Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT def)

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16
Q

Orotic acid in the urine, elevations in serum ammonia

A

OTC deficiency

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17
Q

Orotic acid in the urine, no elevation in serum ammonia

A

Orotic aciduria

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18
Q

Megaloblastic anemia that does not improve with folate and B12?

A

Orotic aciduria

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19
Q

What’s the most common drug prescribed for ADHD

A

Methylphenidate (ritalin)

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20
Q

Most common medication for Bulimia pts

A

SSRI (fluoxetine)

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21
Q

Medical tx for alcohol withdrawal

A

Benzodiazepine

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22
Q

Most effective tx for alcohol abuse

A

Alcoholics anonymous

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23
Q

Atrophy of the mammilary bodies

A

Wernicke encephalopathy

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24
Q

tx for central Diabetes insipidus?

A

Desmopressin

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25
Q

Tx for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

A

HCTZ, indomethacin, amiloride

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26
Q

Tx for lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

A

Amiloride

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27
Q

What are the causes of an increased anion gap metabolic acidosis?

A 
"MUDPILES"
Methanol
Uremia
DKA
Propylene glycol
Isoniazid/iron tablets
Lactic acidosis
Ethylene glycol
Salicylates
28
Q

Nodular hyaline deposits in the glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

29
Q

Glomerulnephritis plus pulmonary vasculitis

A

Wegener’s, Goodpasture’s syndrome

30
Q

Red cell casts

A

Acute Glomerulonephritis

31
Q

Waxy casts

A

Acute pyelonephritis

32
Q

Thyroid-like appearance of kidney

A

Chronic pyelonephritis

33
Q

MC renal tumor

A

Renal cell carcinoma

34
Q

MC type of renal stone

A

Calcium stones

35
Q

Type of renal stone associated with Proteus vulgaris

A

Struvite stone

36
Q

MC tumor of the adrenal gland

A

Benign, non-functioning adrenal adenoma

37
Q

MC tumor of the adrenal medulla in adults

A

Pheochromocytoma

38
Q

MC tumor of the adrenal medulla in kids

A

Adrenal Neurblastoma

39
Q

MCC of primary hyperaldosteronism

A

Adrenal adenoma

40
Q

Medical tx for hyperaldosteronism

A

Spironolactone or eplerenone

41
Q

Medical tx for pheochromocytoma

A

Non-selective alpha blocker (phenoxybenzamine or phentolamine)

42
Q

Pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid cancer and hyperparathyroidism

A

MEN2A

43
Q

Pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid cancer, mucosal neuromas

A

MEN2B

44
Q

Adrenal dz associated with skin hyperpigmentation

A

Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s dz)

45
Q

HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis?

A

Hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome)

46
Q

MC thyroid cancer

A

Papillary carcinoma

47
Q

Cold intolerance

A

Hypothyroidism

48
Q

Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei

A

Papillary cancer of the thyroid (“Orphan-Annie eye nuclei”)

49
Q

Standard tx for DKA

A

IV fluids, IV insulin, potassium replacement

50
Q

Standard tx for type 1 DM

A

Insulin

51
Q

Standard tx for type 2 DM

A

Low-carb diet, weight loss, oral hypoglycemic drugs, insulin

52
Q

MCC of hypercalcemia

A

Primary hyperparathyroidism (Parathyroid adenoma/Parathyroid hyperplasia)

53
Q

MCC of primary hyperparathyroidism

A

Parathyroid adenoma

54
Q

MCC of secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

Chronic renal failure

-hypocalcemia

55
Q

MCC of hypoparathyroidism

A

Accidental parathyroidectomy during thyroid surgery

56
Q

Facial muscle spasm when tapping on the cheek

A

Chvostek sign of hypocalcemia

57
Q

Parathyroid, Pancreatic, Pituitary tumors

A

MEN1

58
Q

Smudge cells

A

CLL

59
Q

“Punched out” lytic bone lesions

A

Multiple myeloma

60
Q

Rouleaux formation

A

Multiple myeloma

61
Q

Monoclonal antibody spike

A

Multiple myeloma, MGUS, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia

62
Q

Reddish-pink rods in the cytoplasm of leukemic blasts

A

Auer rods (AML)

63
Q

Dark purple nodules on the skin of an HIV pt

A

Kaposi sarcoma (HHV-8)

64
Q

Large cells with owl’s eye inclusions

A

CMV

65
Q

Treatment for CMV

A

Gancyclovir

66
Q

MC opportunistic infection in HIV pts

A

Pneumocystic jerovecii

67
Q

Drug used to prevent Pneumocystis pneumonia

A

TMP-SMX (Dapsone if sulfa allergy, but watch out for G6PD!)

Step 1 prep (14 decks)

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