DIT rapid review Flashcards

1
Q

MCC of bacterial meningitis in neonate

A

GBS

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2
Q

MCC of bacterial meningitis in childrenn

A

N. meningitidis, S. pneumonia

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3
Q

MCC of bacterial meningitis in adults

A

S. pneumo

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4
Q

Osteomyelitis in an IV drug user

A

S. aureus, Pseudomonas

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5
Q

Osteomyelitis in a sickle cell pt

A

Salmonella

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6
Q

Osteomyelitis in young sexually active pt

A

N. Gonorrhea

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7
Q

MC reportable STD

A

Chlamydia

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8
Q

Non-painful, indurated, ulcerated genital lesion

A

Primary syphilis

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9
Q

Painful, indurated, ulcerated genital lesion with exudate

A

Chancroid

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10
Q

Stippled vaginal epithelial cells on a wet prep of vaginal discharge

A

Clue cells of bacterial vaginosis

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11
Q

Common tx for syphilis

A

Penicillin G

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12
Q

Tx for Trichomonas

A

Metronidazole

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13
Q

Tx for Chlamydia

A

Doxycycline or azithromycin

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14
Q

Tx for Gonorrhea

A

Ceftriaxone

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15
Q

Boy with self-mutilating behavior, intellectual disability and gout

A

Lesch Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT def)

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16
Q

Orotic acid in the urine, elevations in serum ammonia

A

OTC deficiency

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17
Q

Orotic acid in the urine, no elevation in serum ammonia

A

Orotic aciduria

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18
Q

Megaloblastic anemia that does not improve with folate and B12?

A

Orotic aciduria

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19
Q

What’s the most common drug prescribed for ADHD

A

Methylphenidate (ritalin)

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20
Q

Most common medication for Bulimia pts

A

SSRI (fluoxetine)

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21
Q

Medical tx for alcohol withdrawal

A

Benzodiazepine

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22
Q

Most effective tx for alcohol abuse

A

Alcoholics anonymous

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23
Q

Atrophy of the mammilary bodies

A

Wernicke encephalopathy

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24
Q

tx for central Diabetes insipidus?

A

Desmopressin

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25
Tx for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
HCTZ, indomethacin, amiloride
26
Tx for lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Amiloride
27
What are the causes of an increased anion gap metabolic acidosis?
``` "MUDPILES" Methanol Uremia DKA Propylene glycol Isoniazid/iron tablets Lactic acidosis Ethylene glycol Salicylates ```
28
Nodular hyaline deposits in the glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
29
Glomerulnephritis plus pulmonary vasculitis
Wegener's, Goodpasture's syndrome
30
Red cell casts
Acute Glomerulonephritis
31
Waxy casts
Acute pyelonephritis
32
Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
Chronic pyelonephritis
33
MC renal tumor
Renal cell carcinoma
34
MC type of renal stone
Calcium stones
35
Type of renal stone associated with Proteus vulgaris
Struvite stone
36
MC tumor of the adrenal gland
Benign, non-functioning adrenal adenoma
37
MC tumor of the adrenal medulla in adults
Pheochromocytoma
38
MC tumor of the adrenal medulla in kids
Adrenal Neurblastoma
39
MCC of primary hyperaldosteronism
Adrenal adenoma
40
Medical tx for hyperaldosteronism
Spironolactone or eplerenone
41
Medical tx for pheochromocytoma
Non-selective alpha blocker (phenoxybenzamine or phentolamine)
42
Pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid cancer and hyperparathyroidism
MEN2A
43
Pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid cancer, mucosal neuromas
MEN2B
44
Adrenal dz associated with skin hyperpigmentation
Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's dz)
45
HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis?
Hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome)
46
MC thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma
47
Cold intolerance
Hypothyroidism
48
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
Papillary cancer of the thyroid ("Orphan-Annie eye nuclei")
49
Standard tx for DKA
IV fluids, IV insulin, potassium replacement
50
Standard tx for type 1 DM
Insulin
51
Standard tx for type 2 DM
Low-carb diet, weight loss, oral hypoglycemic drugs, insulin
52
MCC of hypercalcemia
Primary hyperparathyroidism (Parathyroid adenoma/Parathyroid hyperplasia)
53
MCC of primary hyperparathyroidism
Parathyroid adenoma
54
MCC of secondary hyperparathyroidism
Chronic renal failure | -hypocalcemia
55
MCC of hypoparathyroidism
Accidental parathyroidectomy during thyroid surgery
56
Facial muscle spasm when tapping on the cheek
Chvostek sign of hypocalcemia
57
Parathyroid, Pancreatic, Pituitary tumors
MEN1
58
Smudge cells
CLL
59
"Punched out" lytic bone lesions
Multiple myeloma
60
Rouleaux formation
Multiple myeloma
61
Monoclonal antibody spike
Multiple myeloma, MGUS, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
62
Reddish-pink rods in the cytoplasm of leukemic blasts
Auer rods (AML)
63
Dark purple nodules on the skin of an HIV pt
Kaposi sarcoma (HHV-8)
64
Large cells with owl's eye inclusions
CMV
65
Treatment for CMV
Gancyclovir
66
MC opportunistic infection in HIV pts
Pneumocystic jerovecii
67
Drug used to prevent Pneumocystis pneumonia
TMP-SMX (Dapsone if sulfa allergy, but watch out for G6PD!)