Pneumonia Flashcards
Determinants of pathogenesis
Transmission
Adherence
Invasion + intracellular survivability
Toxins
Intracellular Invasion
What is pneumonia
Infection of the lungs + pus and fluid accumulation
- can be caused by B, V, F
What are the typical causes of Pneumonia
Strep pneumonia, HI, Staph aureus, GAS, aerobic gram -
Atypical causes of pneumonia
Legionella, mycoplasma pneumonia, Chlamydia pneumoniae
T or F: Strep pneumo is one of the leading causes of B pneumonia
T
Strep pneumo traits
Gram + lancet cocci —- diplococci or streptococci
- alpha hemo
- highly variable Ag: good at evading adaptive immune
Staph aureus importance
one of the important causes of HC pneumonia (MRSA)
HI traits
gram -
coccobacillus with antiphagocytic pill
- needs enriched media with blood to survive but not hemolytic itself
Difference bw typeable and non-typeable HI
Non typeable: has no capsule
Typeable: has capsule with specific Ag
- ex// Hib: important human pathogen but there are 5 total types
pneumonia: caused by non-typeable
Klebsiella pneumoniae (Enterbacteria)
Normal flora of mouth — may cause infection if immunocompromised
- if have pneumonia caused by this: get bloody sputum
lactose fermenting + gamma hemo
Pseudomonas A
Infects immunocompromised people
- bacillus
- R to a lot of ABX
- has exopolysaccharide: provides matrix to make biofilm + pill to help with attachment (LONG LASTING PNEUMO)
— causes CAP and HAP
Mortadella catarrhalis
diplococcus; opportunistic (immunocompromised)
- uses trimeric autotransporter to stick to cells
- doesnt’ really cause pneumo in kids; causes pneumo in adults with COPD
Ziehl Neelsen staining technique
- used to tell difference bw acid fast + not
1) Carolfushin stain
2) Heat fixation
3) Decolorize with acid alcohol (ethanol + HCL)
4) Counterstain: methylene blue
acid fast : pink (R to decolorization)
non-acid fast: blue
T or F: Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be gram stained
F - has no cell wall
it is acid fast though
T or F: infection with M. tuberculosis causes SS in healthy people
generally no —- immune walls off infection
Pathogenesis of TB
- exposed to TB
- initial infection: 5% get primary disease (SS), 95% latent
- of the 95% latent: 5% get reactivated disease + 90% get no disease
What is tuberculosis
infection manifested usually by evidence of an immune response in most exposed individuals (primary infection
Types of TB initial infections
Pulmonary: main way of transmission of B
Extrapulmonary
T or F: Legionella is a typical pathogen causing Pneumonia
F— only get when outbreaks of B in hospitals via contaminated water
What is the cause of walking pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- one of the causes of CAP atypical
-no cell wall
- triple layered membrane with a sterol (need cholesterol to grow)
T or F: Chlamydia Pneumonia is normal P cause
F - atypical
- spread via respiratory droplets, most infections —- malaise + cough
obligate parasite with outer wall that looks like gram - bc no peptidoglycan + high lipid content (has LPS)
What fungal agents can cause pneumonia
Pneumocystis jiroveci or Cryptococcus neoformans
T or F: pneumonia can have viral causes
T: flu, RSV, Coronavirus, Adeno
- can be primary cause of pneumonia or 2nd cause (weaken immune + then other pathogen comes in + causes)
Main causes of CAP in kids
Viruses
Strep Pneumonia
GAS
HI
Atypical: more common if in school
- Mycoplasma P
- Chlamydia P
