Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm 232 > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Ribosome number for prokaryotes

A

70S

  • eukaryotes is 80S
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cell wall: Prok vs Euk

A

Prok - complex and peptidoglycan

Euk - Simple with cellulose or chitin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Binary Fission

A

cell elongates and DNA replicates

  • Cell wall and PM constrict and pinch in
  • Cell wall forms completely separating the 2 DNA copies
  • Cells separate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bacteria shapes

A

cocci - spheres
bacilli - rods
spirals

** shape determined by cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cocci organization

A

diplococci - pair
strepto - chain

tetrad- 2 pairs of 2
sarcinae : 4 pairs of 2

staph - clump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bacilli organization

A

bacillus- single

diplobacilli - 2

coccobacillus - bw the two

strepto - chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Spiral organizations

A

vibrio - not full spiral

spirilium - big boi

spirochete - small spiral, more corkscrew

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the glycocalyx

A

slime layer that helps resist phagocytosis and helps with adherence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Fibria and pili fxn

A

attachment to surfaces, conjugation and transformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cell envelope

A
  • consists of the …
    1) Cell wall: made of peptidoglycan
    —- super thick in gram + bacteria (outermost layer)
    2) PM : most inner layer

**gram - outer membrane and periplasm
—- outer membrane: most exterior layer with cell wall in the middle
-periplasm bw PM and outer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cell wall structure

A

rigid part - peptidoglycan made of alternating strands of N-acetyglucosmaine and N-acetylmuramic acid

— tetrapeptide side chain attache to N-am and peptide cross bridges that connect the tetrapeptide side chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Surface antigens of gram + bacteria

A

lipteichoic acid and tectonic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

T or F: the outer membrane of the gram - bacteria is bilayered

A

T - bilayer with LPS

*** outer membrane helps with Gram - Antibitoic R

LPS: made of lipid A and polysaccharide (core and terminal O-polysaccharide)
—— endotoxin: due to lipid A part
—— O poly : Ag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what do porins let pass

A

small hydrophobic molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cell Wall fxn

A

protection against osmotic pressures
- cell division
- shape of cell
- target sites for antibiotics etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are spheroplasts

A

gram - bacteria that have lost their cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Protoplasts

A

gram + that have lost cell walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

L forms

A

bacteria that lose cell wall but can still grow and divide

  • Unstable: once shit removed, cell wall comes back

Stable: they chilling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Mycoplasma

A

naturally occurring bacteria without cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Fxn of PM

A

permeability and transport
biosynthesis function s
ETC + OXPHOS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

T or F: prok have mitochondria

A

F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Prok ribosome subunits

A

70S ribosome made of 30S and 50S
- made of protein and RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are plasmids

A

extrachromosomal DS circular DNA that replicates independently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Roles of Glycocalyx

A

Capsule/slime layer
- helps with adherence
- increases virulence
- biofilm formation

25
Q

What is flagella made of

A

flagellin protein
- organ of motion

26
Q

Peritrichous

A

flagella all over it

27
Q

Monotrichous

A

Single flagella on one side

28
Q

Lophotrichous

A

tuft on one side

29
Q

Amphitrichous

A

one flagella on both sides

30
Q

T or F: Pili and Fimbriae are normally found on gram - bacteria

A

T ; made of pilin protein

31
Q

Fxn of Fimbriae

A

adherence and biofilm formation

32
Q

Pili fxn

A

gliding and sex pili for conjugation
- adherence

33
Q

Sporulation of endospore

A
  • started by unfavourable conditions

— starts with clear portion of cytoplasm near one end which incorporates part of nuclear info
- spore septum starts to form: PM (just it) starts to move in to isolate new DNA to one side
- PM connect and form layer around DNA — forespore

  • peptidoglycan forms bw PM = now have cell wall
  • spore coat forms + endospore released
34
Q

What are spores resistant to

A

boiling, heating, disinfectants

35
Q

Steps of germination

A

activation (trigger), initiation , outgrowth

36
Q

Autotrophs

A

can make their own metabolites

37
Q

Heterotrophs

A

can’t make their own shit

38
Q

Obligate aerobes

A

need oxygen for aerobic resp

  • have SOD and catalase
39
Q

Obligate anaerobes

A

can’t use oxygen, growth inhibited by oxygen (can’t break down ROS)

40
Q

Facultative anaerobes

A

can live in either conditions
- prefer O2 though

41
Q

Aerotolerant

A

do not use aerobic metabolism but oxygen doesnt bother it

  • can breakdown toxic oxygen using SOD
42
Q

Microaerophiles

A

aerobes that require set conc of O2 from 2-10%

43
Q

Impact of temp on cell s

A

can impact proteins, lipids in membrane and organelles

— too low might go rigid

**mesophiles : middle bois that are main causers of disease

44
Q

pH impact on cell s

A
  • interfere with H bonding and NA

Neutrophils : 6-8

Acidophiles : below 4

45
Q

Generation time

A

doubling time etc
- time it takes for 1 cell to give ride to 2 progeny

  • generally 1-3 hours
46
Q

Batch culture

A

typical growth curve for cell population achieved in enclosed vessel

47
Q

Phases of growth

A

lag: new bacteria in media doesn’t grow right away
exponential : period of exponential growth (most impacts by antibiotics)

stationary : nutrient depletion or toxic products cause growth to slow down (new =die are the same )
death : marked decline in viable cells

48
Q

Pathogenic

A

yes or no: is it capable of disease

opportunistic: rarely cause disease unless immunocompromised

49
Q

Virulence

A

quantitative measure of the ability of an agent to cause disease

  • involves adherence, invasion , and toxigenicity
50
Q

When do people get sick

A
  • when micro overpowers human defenses

— organism: number of organism and virulence

host: innate and adaptive immunity

51
Q

Main adherence factors

A

slime layer, adherence proteins, Lipoteichoic acid, pili

**adhesions: anything that helps the micro stick

52
Q

What does hyaluronidase do

A

splits hyaluronic acid (part of ground substance of CT) === helps bacteria spread

53
Q

Hemolysins

A

dissolve RBCs

54
Q

IgA1 protease

A

degrade IgA == allow micro to stick to mucous membrane

55
Q

Exotoxins

A

produced inside the bacteria (gram +) released during log phase

56
Q

Endotoxins

A

part of LPS and outer membrane

gram -

released when die

57
Q

Epidemic

A

occurrence in a community of region in excess of normal (relative to normal levels0

58
Q

Pandemic

A

epidemic disease of widespread prevalence

59
Q

Endemic

A

constant presence of disease in given area

Pharm 232 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions