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Pharm 232 > Fungus: Basics > Flashcards

Fungus: Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Classes of Antifungals

A

1) Impact sterols
2) Impact fungal cell walls
3) Inhibit NA synthesis
4) Others

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2
Q

Fungal Agents that impact sterols

A

polyenes: Amph B and nystatin

-Azoles (fluconazole, clotrimazole, keto, itra)

  • Allylamines: terbinafine
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3
Q

MoA: Polyenes

A

bind to ergosterol in cell membranes == cause pores + leaking
- lose integrity

Amph B - fungicidal; good for systemic conditions
- normally given via IV
- selective for ergo> cholesterol

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4
Q

MoA: Azoles

A

block ergosterol formation (near end of synthesis pathways)

  • fungistatic

Good for yeast, thrush + Tinea Verscolour

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5
Q

MoA: Allylamines

A

Terbinafine
- blocks ergosterol synthesis higher up than azoles (blocks squalene peroxidation)

Indicated: dermatophyte infections (athletes, jock itch )

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6
Q

MoA of Echinocandins

A

cell wall inhibitor
- impacts the synthesis of B-glucan polysaccharides via inhibition of 1,3 B glucan synthase enzyme

— change integrity

Indication: asperigillosis (static), systemic candidiasis (cidal)

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7
Q

MoA: Flucytosine

A

Inhibit NA synthesis
- cytosine + F: gets taken into cell via cytosine permeate, converted to 5- fluorouracil

  • competes with uracil for incorporation into RNA

normally used with Amph B for systemic conditions

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8
Q

MoA: griseofulvin

A

inhibits mitosis MT formation
- given orally, poorly absorbed + concentrates in SC == inhibits hyphae growth

used to treat dermatophytes, athletes foot + nail infection

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9
Q

T or F: fungi are chemotrophs

A

T - make own shit from inorganic material

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10
Q

What is the main sterol in their CM

A

ergosterol

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11
Q

3 forms of fungi + their differences

A

Yeast: solitary cells that reproduce via asexual budding

Mold: multicellular, long filaments (hyphae) that can reproduce asexually or sexually
— hyphae can be septate (separated by CB) or non-septate

Dimorphic: Yeast + mold forms

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12
Q

What is a condida

A

Asexual reproductive spore that comes off condiophores

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13
Q

Blastocondida

A

asexual yeast spore that buds off the tip of the yeast

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14
Q

Arthrocondida

A

asexual yeast + mold spore that produced via breaking out/segmenting off end of hyphae (septate separates)

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15
Q

Pseudohyphae

A

long branch that comes off yeast cells that stays attached after division
— formed from blastocondida that didn’t leave (started to bud off but stayed)

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16
Q

Chlamydocondida

A

thick walled round asexual spore that can come off end or side of hyphae

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17
Q

Phialocondida

A

asexual spore produced from phialide (flask like condida projection)

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18
Q

Sporangiospores

A

asexual spores that are made + stored in a sac
— sporagnium

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19
Q

T or F: you can ID both molds + yeast based on their GR and appearance

A

F - can ID mold not yeast

mold: different morphology (macro + micro)+ different ontogeny (forming of spores) that can be used to determine genus + species

yeast: colonies look similar

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20
Q

Main pathogenic factors of fungi

A

transmission: person to person
Adherence: stick to host
Invasion/ intracelllar survival: capsule R to phagocytosis

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21
Q

Classification of diseases

A

Superficial : on in stratum C
Cutaneous : epidermis
Subcutaneous : dermis + hypodermis
Systemic

22
Q

What are the Superficial Diseases

A

1) Tinea Versicolor : hypo or hyper pigmentation of skin (chest, back, abdomen)
2) Tinea Nigra: dark discolouration on palms
3) Piedra: hair shaft infection

23
Q

Tinea Versicolor cause

A

Malassezia furfur: need lipids to live
- short hyphae + spherical cells

24
Q

Tinea Nigra cause

A

Exophila werreckii
- branched septate hypha + budding yeast

25
Piedra types + causes
white: Trichosporon black: Piedrate horta
26
What are the Cutaneous Diseaes
Tinea capitis: scalp infection Tinea barbae: beard follicle infection Tinea corporis: non hairy skin infection Tinea cruris: jock itch Tinea pedis: Athletes foot Tinea ungiuum: nail infection that is followed by TP
27
T or F: Cutaenous infections tend to impact keratinzed skin
T - skin, hair + nails
28
Why are cutaneous infections caused ringworm
ring like lesions due to how they grow out periphery
29
How are cutaneous infections transmitted
Vs contact with contaminated soil or person/animal
30
T or F: dermatophytes growth is limited by Temp
T - temp + serum
31
Main causes of Cutaneous infections
Microsporium Trichophyton Epidermophyto
32
What type of media to you use to culture cutaneous disease causing fungi
Sabouraud dextrose agar : should be able to ID based on morph
32
How do the fungi look in cutaneous infections under microscope
skin or nails; branched hyphae hair: hyphae + spores (ecothrix if outside hair, or endothrix if inside hair)
33
Subcutaneous transmission
normally get via traumatic implantation with fungi - fungi normally found in environment — generally stay localized to entry site; rarely go systemic (life threatening)
33
What infections are subcutaneous
1) Sporotrichosis: caused by sporothrix schenckii (dimorphic) - ulcerations of skin + SC that sometimes gets 2nd spread via lymphatics - can get pulmonary form if inhaled 2) Eumycetoma (Madura foot) : chronic skin infection that causes local foot swelling - form abscess + draining of sinus containing grains/granules (micro colonies in tissue)
34
T or F: Most systemic conditions start pulmonary then move to different organs
T
35
T or F: most endemic disease are passed person to person
F— get via exposure to high levels of airborne fungi
36
T or F: systemic disease are generally caused by dimorphic fungi
T - normally mold/condida in environment - once inhaled: yeast or spherules
37
What disease are systemic
1) Histoplasmosis 2) Blastomycosis 3) Coccidioidomycosis 4) Paracoccidioidomycosis
38
What is histoplasmosis
systemic condition that normally starts as benign lung infeciton === can move - if below 37: brown mold; in body = yeast Caused by Histoplasma capsulatum (no capsule) — found in soil with bat + bird poop Area: Miss + Ohio River Valley
39
What is blastomycosis
systemic condition with granulomatous lesions that start at lungs Caused by Blastomycosis dermatitidis tissue: large yeast with thick walls culture: mold with branching hyphae Endemic to US and Canada
40
What is Coccidioidomycosis
systemic condition that can be acute/chronic lung or disseminating infeciton - caused by Coccidioides immitis - valley fever: brown rash, fatigue + fever environment: anthrocondidia Found: CA, SA and western US
41
What are the main opportunistic fungi
Candida, Cryptococcus, Asperigillus
42
Morphology of C albicans
oval budding yeast - ID if see true hyphae or chlamydospores (thick wall spores that come off side or end)
43
Infections caused by C. albicans
1) oral thrush: white lesions that get due to 2nd immune suppression (ABX use, HIVE, steroids) 2) VVC: immunocompromise - comp( > 3/year, not C albicans) or uncomp 3) Cutaneous Cand.: infeciton of skin folds, groin + axilla (normally get if skin weak due to trauma) 4) Systemic (BS): get if surgery, catheter, IV drug abuse, damage to skin
44
What is Candida Auris
multi drug R candida - cause BS, wound + ear infections normally in those who are in hospital or immunocompromised gram stain : purple (yeast) — large budding yeast - molds stain pink
45
What is Cryptococcosis + its cause
Cause: Cryptococcus neoformans (spherical budding yeast) - causes infections to lungs + menigines (AIDS) - get from soil with pigeon poop diagnosis: sample from SF, blood or urine - wet mouth with India Ink to break capsule
46
What is Aspergillosis + cause
Various causes (all have Asperig.) - super aerial hyphae with condida can cause different infections - Allergic bronchopulmonary: if high IgE against Fungi - Aspergilloma: spherical Fungi growth in lung cavity - invasive pulmonary : moves to other areas in the body
47
What is Pneumocytis pneumonia
Cause: pneumocytis jiroveci (thin walled trophozoite + thick cysts) - get via inhalation, caused disease in immunocomp , AIDS or malnourished babies diagnosis via lung biopsy + stain with calcofluor + Giems to visualize treat with trimethroprim + sulfamathozole - stop FA synthesis
48
LC of trophozoite
mature cysts with 8 intracytis bodies —- burst + convert to trophozoite — these divide —- when ready to be dormant convert back to 1 cyst each

Pharm 232 (12 decks)

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