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Pharm 232 > Gram - Bacteria > Flashcards

Gram - Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

T or F:all gram negative bacteria are cocci

A

F - gram negative bacilli and coccobacilli + cocci

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2
Q

Which bacteria are macConkey positive + oxidase negative

A

Enterobacteriaceae : E. coli, Shigella spp. Salmonella spp. etc

Acinetobacter spp.

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3
Q

T or F: All Enterobacteriacea are normally found in microbiome

A

F - some are (E. coli) but some are regularly pathogenic (salmonella and shigella)

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4
Q

Enterobacteriaceae traits

A

Facultative /oxidase -
- grow on MacConkey
- ferment glucose + produce gase
- reduce nitrate to nitrite

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5
Q

E. coli

A

Catalase -
Oxidase -

Ferment Lactose (pink)
Normally found in GI tract

Infections: UTI, neonatal meningitis

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6
Q

Shigella Spp.

A

Catalase -
Oxidase -
Hemolysis gamma
Doesn’t ferment lactose —- doesn’t turn red

Location: only found on us during infection

  • causes dysentery (GI shit —- poop)
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7
Q

Salmonella spp.

A

Catalase -
Oxidase -
Gamma hemolysis
doesn’t ferment lactose

Location: intracellular pathogens, not normal flora

Disease: gastroenteritis, enteric fever

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8
Q

Acinetobacter spp. : shape

A

coccobacilli

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9
Q

Acinetobacter. spp traits

A

normally multidrug R

Catalase +
Obligate Aerobes/oxidase -
Hemolysis B (cause browning of agar)

Can’t ferment lactose

location: soil and water

Disease: commensals/ on us and doesn’t cause infection; sometime nosocomial

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10
Q

What are the Gram negative bacilli that are MacConkey + and Oxidase +

A

Pseudomonads

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11
Q

Pseudomonads traits

A

found in soil and water

  • motile and non-spore forming
  • aerobic/oxidase +
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12
Q

P. aeruginosa traits

A
  • can form biofilms
  • major pathogenic group

Catalase +, oxidase +

Beta hemolytic

Can’t ferment lactose (no red)

location: soil, water and skin

Infection: opportunistic

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13
Q

Toxins of P. aeruginosa

A

Pili, exotoxin A, endotoxins and R to antibiotics

Alginate: polysaccharide polymer that inhibits phagocytosis and contribute to infection in those with CF

Pyocyanin: blue green pigment that gives green colour, damages cells by making ROS

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14
Q

What gram negative bacteria are MacConkey - and Oxidase variable

A

Haemophilia: coccobacilli

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15
Q

Haemophilus spp. traits

A

small + not motile

requires enriched media with blood

Catalase +
Oxidase +
Don’t grow on blood agar / MacConkey agar

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16
Q

H. influenzae

A

Catalase +
Oxidase +
don’t grow on blood or MacConkey

Virulence: capsule, antiphagocytic pili

Diseases: meningitis, ear infection, bacteremia

17
Q

Two categories of H. Influenzae

A

Typeable : based on capsule
Type B (Hib) most common one seen in human infections
—- vaccine for Hib not effective against non-typeable strains

18
Q

H. ducreyi

A

Catalase +
Oxidase +
can’t grow on blood or MacConkey

Cause chancroid (STD)

19
Q

T or F: Legionella pneumophila can grow on MacConkey

A

F- needs special media with Fe and cysteine

20
Q

Legionella pneumophila

A

Catalase +
Obligate Aerobes - oxidase +
can’t grow on blood or MacConkey

Location: intracellular parasite, normally found in water

Disease: outbreaks in hospitals if in water ; no person to person transmission seen

  • Legionnaires disease: wide range in traits

Pontiac fever: LRT + less severe

21
Q

What are the gram - cocci

A

Neisseria : gonorrhoeae, meningitidis

Moraxella catarrhalis

22
Q

Niesseria spp traits

A

non motile cocci (diplococci)

Catalase +
obligate aerobes

don’t grow on blood or macConkey

rarely ever cause disease

23
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

catalase +
obligate aerobe

Location: obligate pathogen

Leading cause of STD

24
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

Catalase +
obligate aerobes
don’t grow on blood or MacConkey

Location: normally in throat; normally care with no symptoms

Disease: meningitis, bacteremia

25
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis traits

A

gram - diplococci

catalase +
obligate aerobes/oxidase +
Hemolysis: gamma
doesn’t grow on MacConkey

Normally in URT

Disease: RT infections resulting in ear infections

Pharm 232 (7 decks)

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