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Pneumonia Flashcards

1
Q

Definisi pneumonia

A

Inflamasi yang mengenai parenkima paru yang dihubungkan dengan konsolidasi ruang alveoli paru

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2
Q

Definisi pneumonitis

A

Inflamasi paru dengan atau tanpa konsolidasi

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3
Q

Definisi bronkopneumonia

A

Inflamasi paru yg berpusat pd bronkiolus dn berperan trhdp produksi eksudat mukopurulen yg menyumbat saluran respi kecil dan membuat konsolidasi patchy dari parenkim bersangkutan

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4
Q

Definisi pneumonitis interstitial

A

Inflamasi paru interstitial yg terdiri dari dinding alveolus, duktus , alveoli sac dan bronkiolus

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5
Q

Community acquired pneumonia

A

Pneumonia yg terjadi di komunitas pada pasien yg blum prnah dirawat inap di rs 14 hari sblum onset atau dirawat inap <4 hari sblum onset

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6
Q

Etiologi virus:neonatus

A

Strepto B

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7
Q

Etiologi bayi umur 1-2 bulan dan 1-5 tahun:

A

Virus, RSV

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8
Q

Etiologi:Umur >5 tahun

A

Strepto pneumoniae

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9
Q

Pembagian pneumonia berdasarkan anatomi:

A
  1. P. lobaris
    2.P. Segmentalis
    3.p.lobularis
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10
Q

etiologi pneumonia

A

1.virus
2.bakteri
3.jamur
4.parasit
5.aspirasi
6.hipostatik
7.pneumokokus dan streptokokus

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11
Q

Faktor risiko pneumonia:

A

1.modifiable: gastric reflux, malnutrisi, asi kurang, iritan, imunisasi kurang
2. Non modifiable: penyakit paru (asma), kelainan anatomi(fistula trakeosophageal), Aids

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12
Q

Perjalanan penyakit pneumonia: 4 stadium

A

1.kongesti (24 jam)
2. Hepatisasi merah (2-3 hari)
3.hepatisasi kelabu (4-6 hari)
4.resolusi (5-7 hari)

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13
Q

Definisi Pneumonia Stadium kongesti (24 jam)

A

Terjadi edema karna infiltrasi sel radang ke alveoli, proliferasi dan penyebaran kuman ke jaringan sekitar lebih mudah

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14
Q

Definisi pneumonia stadium hepatisasi merah (2-3 hari)

A

Terjadi konsolidasi karna eritrosit, sel PMN,sel epitel, cairan edema dan kuman berkumpul dan mendilatasi kapiler alveolus, kongesti paru, konsistensi mirip hepar

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15
Q

Definisi pneumonia stadium hepatisasi kelabu (4-6 hari)

A

Trjadi deposisi fibrin dan sel pmn dan akseletasi fagositosis

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16
Q

Definisi pneumonia stadium resolusi (hari 5-7)

A

Jumlah makrofag naik, sel degenerate, fibrin menipis, kuman dan debris menghilang

17
Q

Diagnosa anamnesis:

A

Demam tinggi, sakit kepala, batuk, sesak nafas,nafsu mkn turun,gelisah

18
Q

Hasil pemfis pneumonia:

A

Retraksi dada, nafas cuping hidung, fremitus melemah, dullness percussion, suara nafas melemah, ronkhi basah halus, dijumpai nodding, kaku kuduk, nyeri dada dan abdomen dan friction rub

19
Q

Pemeriksaan penunjang pneumonia:

A

Dl untuk cek leukositosis dominan Pmn, mikrobio: swab, x-ray

20
Q

Pneumonia hasil x-ray:

A

1.infiltrat lobaris-bakteri
2.infiltrat patchy-bakteri/virus
3.infiltrat interstitial-virus

21
Q

Klinis Pmeumonia bakteri:

A

Demam tinggi, menggigil, suara nafas turun dan redup, leukosit naik, konsolidasi lobar dan efusi pleura

22
Q

Klinis pneumonia viral:

A

Mengi, stridor, demam tdk tinggi, leukosit tdk meningkat, streaky infiltrate

23
Q

Derajat penyakit pneumonia: based on cyanosis, sesak dan RR

A

1.bukan pneumonia
2.pneumonia
3.pneumonia berat
4.pneumonia sangat berat

24
Q

Definisi pneumonia tidak berat

A

Batuk dan tachypnea
Tachypnea:
<2 bln: 60 bpm
2-12 bln: 50 bpm
1-5 thn: 40 bpm

Ronkhi, suara nafas redup dan bronkial

25
Q

Definisi pneumonia berat

A

Batuk /sesak disertai salah satu gejala:
Retraksi dada, nafas cuping hidung, dan grunting

26
Q

Definisi pneumonia sangat berat:

A

Batuk/sesak disertai salah satu:
Sianosis sentral/ tak bs mnum/muntah/kejang/letargi/KU menurun/nodding

27
Q

Klasifikasi pneumonua mnurut who:

A

1.Bukan pneumonia
2.pneumonia(tachypnea+retraksi dada)
3.pneumonia berat (jika ada tanda bahaya)

28
Q

Tatalaksana pneumonia:

A
  1. Oksigen nasal cannule 2 lpm sampai normal
    2.demam:paracetamol 10mg/kgbb/kali
    Supply:
    -tablet (100,120,250,500,650mg)
    -syrup (120mg/5ml, 160mg/5ml, 250mg/5ml)
    -drop: 100 mg/ml
    -supp: 125 mg, 250mg
    -infusion: 10mg/ml

3.bronkodilator: salbutamol (0.05-1mg/kgbb/kali @6jam, dissolve dlm NaCl 0.9% hingga 4ml dlm 10 menit
Supply: ventolin 2.5mg/ml

4.kortikosteroid: dexamethasone bolus 1mg/kgbb diikuti 0.5-1mg/kgbb/kali @6jam

5.antibiotik
-Pneumonia tak berat (rawat jln)
Amoxicillin 40mg/kgbb/kali
Supply: tablet:250mg,500mg; syrup:125mg/5ml

-Pneumonia berat (rawat inap)
Ampicillin 50mg/kgbb/kali + genta IV 7.5 mg/kgbb/kali @12 jam , 5 hari

Jika dlm 2 hari gagal: ganti jd seftriaxone iv 50-75 mg/kgbb/kali @12 jam, 5 hari

29
Q

Definisi wheezing:

A

1.benda asing: monofoni dan localized
2.bronkiolitis: seluruh lapang paru
3.Asma: polifoni

30
Q

Definisi rhonki:

A

Basah,halus, terjadi saat akhir inspirasi dan awal ekspirasi, wheezing saat ekspirasi

31
Q

Triase pneumonia:

A

Demam tinggi, batuk,sesak

Pediatric (8 decks)

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